
GKEATEfi NEVADA 

Its Resources and Possibilities 

Issued by the Nevada Chamber of Commerce 



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TONOPAH, NEV. COLUMBIA, NEV. 



INDEXED 



TRU>TKES 

E. R. Dodge R. Kirman 

J. C. Leopold J. H. Gray 

N. W. ROFF 
Organized 1902 



Greater Nevada 



OFFICERS 

E. R. Dodge, PresiJcni 

R. KiRMAN, P^icc-P resilient 

A. Nelson, Treasurer 
O. A. DucKHAM, Secretary 



Its Resources 

& Possibilities 

250,000 Acres of Additional Land to be at once Reclaimed 

Great Opportunities for the Home Seeker 

Wealth for the Miner 

Untold Possibilities for the Agriculturalist and the Stock Grower 

Gilt Edge Investments for Capital 




Compiled and Arranged by Maude Morrow Garwood 

Under the Authorization of the Nevada Chamber of Commerce 

Reno, Nevada, 1905 






Introductory, 



NEVADA'S history has so often been written, and, 
as a rule, is so familiar to the average reader, 
that for the purpose of an introductory to this 
pamphlet, a brief reference to the most striking 
events and incidents of the State's pioneer days 
is all that seems necessary. 

As early as the year 1825, the noted mountaineer, Jede- 
diah S. Smith, crossed Nevada, then an unknown territory, 
from what is now known as Western Wyoming, passing 
down the Humboldt, which he named Mary's River, thence 
through the Walker River Valley and over the Sierras to 
the Coast via what afterwards became known as Walker's 
Pass. Shortly after, Smith returned to his company's head- 
quarters on Green River, near Salt Lake, and the report 
of what he had seen and the possibilities of the Great West 
were painted in such glowing colors that ere long other par- 
ties were formed to take advantage of the opportunities 
which Smith told of, and to achieve, if possible, greater 
success in the way of discovery than Smith and his party 
had accomplished. 

As the years moved on and the early and venturesome 
emigrants began to cross the plains, the frontiersmen of the 
Mormon faith began to settle in the fertile valleys of what 
was then Western Utah, the Sierras being the extreme west- 
ern boundary. These small colonies traded with the har4y' 
emigrants, selling them produce, feed for their wornout 
stock, and often refilling the trains for their long, hard journey 
to the valleys of California. 

These colonies were located in Carson, Eagle, Washoe, 
and Steamboat Valleys, and in 185 1 a squatters' government 
was formed, and the raising of live stock and the cultivation 
of the soil became an industry. 



Then came the era when the California miner and pros- 
pector believed there were greater possibilities of hidden 
wealth in the barren and rugged hills of Western Utah than 
the Golden State afforded, so decided to " try ^ his luck" 
among the Mormons. The latter did not take kindly to the 
advance of the gold-seekers into what was felt by this sect 
to be God's gift to His chosen people, but it soon became 
apparent that the advance of the Philistines was determined, 
and the faithful would have to return within the shadow 
of their temple for protection. 

The Grosh brothers, while prospecting for gold in the 
locality now known as American Flat, found silver ledges 
of a very rich character and plentifully distributed over the 
adjacent hills. This was in the year 1855, and they con- 
tinued their work with varying success until the year 1858, 
when one of them died. A year later, the Comstock Lode was 
discovered, and within two years one of the greatest mining 
excitements and, without doubt, the greatest mining district 
the world has ever known was a substantial reality, and the 
territory of Nevada was launched. From that on to the 
present time Nevada has had its periods of prosperity and 
of depression like other States. Her agricultural, live stock 
and manufacturing interests have added greatly to the ad- 
• vantages offered for the homeseeker, for within the confines 
' of her territory men in all walks of life may find opportunities 
best suited to their particular taste and inclination and in 
greater variety than any other State in the Union. In the 
articles that follow information may be had in detail as 
regards climate, locality, prices and facilities of transporta- 
tion as well as the various lines of industry and investment 
of which the man of energy or capital may be inclined to 
take advantage of. 



[4] 



■MJcno" 



Irrigation. 

L. H. Taylor. 

THIS project contemplates the utilization of the 
waters of the Truckee and Carson Rivers in the 
irrigation of about 375,000 acres of land in excess 
of the area now supplied, which area embraces 
about 40,000 acres in the basin of the Truckee 
River, and 50,000 acres in the Carson River Basin. In order 
to provide a water supply adequate for this extension of 
irrigation, it is planned to construct seven storage reservoirs, 
of which Lake Tahoe will be one, on the headwaters of the 
Truckee River, two reservoirs on the headwaters of the Carson 
River, and two others in the lower portion of the Carson 
River Basin, one of which latter, designated as the Lower 
Carson Reservoir, will be supplied in the main with water 
to be conveyed from the Truckee River in the canal now 
under construction. 

The lands susceptible of irrigation comprise some 12,000 
acres now unirrigated, in Reno Valley; 73,000 acres in Lem- 
mon's, Spanish Spring and Warm Spring Valley, to the north 
and northeast of Reno; 35,000 acres in the vicinity of Wads- 
worth; about 200,000 acres in Carson Sink Valley; 35,000 
acres in Upper Carson Valley; 30,000 acres in the vicinity 
of Dayton and Fort Churchill on Carson River; and 85,000 
acres between Massie and Oreana Stations on the Central 
Pacific Railroad. The water supply is not adequate for the 
irrigation of all this area, but it is not yet definitely decided 
what portion will be excluded. 

The works now under construction, and outlined for the 
immediate future, contemplate the irrigation of about 235,000 
acres of land in the vicinity of Wadsworth and in the Carson 
Sink Valley. They comprise a main canal, heading in the 
right bank of the Truckee River, some ten miles above the 
town of Wadsworth, and running to the east and southeast a 



distance of thirty-one miles, to the dam site of the Lower 
Carson Reservoir, about ten miles above Leetville. This 
canal for the first six miles of its course will have a capacity 
of 1,400 cubic feet of water per second. At the end of this 
section, a branch with a capacity of 250 cubic feet per second 
will take off to the north, crossing the Truckee River by 
means of an inverted syphon, running in the direction of 
Pyramid Lake, supplying some 25,000 to 27,000 acres of land, 
the major part of which is inchtded in the Pyramid Lake 
Indian Reservation. 

From the head of this Pyramid Lake branch to Carson 
River, the main canal will have a capacity of 1,200 cubic feet 
per second. 

While it is designed ultimately to supply a considerable 
area of land directly from this main canal, the principal pur- 
pose of its construction is to convey waters of the Truckee 
River, which are used for power purposes during the non- 
irrigation season, to the Lower Carson Reservoir, where they 
would be impounded for use during the irrigating season in 
Carson Sink Valley. 

I will state here that the combined capacities of the 
various reservoirs on the headwaters of the Truckee River 
are approximately 290,000 acre feet; of the Lower Carson 
Reservoir 286,000 acre feet; and of the other three reservoirs 
on Carson River, combined, 250,000 acre feet. This storage 
water will be used to supplement the normal flow of the 
Truckee and Carson Rivers during the irrigating season. 

We are now inviting proposals for the construction of 
about thirty-seven miles of main distributing canals in the 
Carson Sink Valley, as indicated on map. Extensions of 
these to the laterals therefrom will supply the irrigable por- 
tions of Carson Sink Valley. 

It is estimated that it will take three years from the 
present time to complete the canal and drainage system for 
the 235,000 acres of land in the lower portions of the Truckee 
and Carson River Basins. We expect, however, to be able 



[5] 



.« 1 



to supply water to some 30,000 acres of land in this district, 
for the season of 1905. When this portion of our irrigation 
system is complete, the plan is to begin the construction of 
that required for supplying the upper valleys which have 
been enumerated. It is possible, however, that we may 
extend a branch of the Truckee Canal practically paralleling 
the Central Pacific Railroad, to the Lovelock Valley on the 
Lower Humboldt River, for the purpose of supplying some 
85,000 acres of land lying between Massie and Oreana on 
that road. 

On March 23, 1904, the following circular giving informa- 
tion to intending settlers was issued: 

"OFFICE U. S. RECLAMATION SERVICE, 

19 EAST SECOND STREET, 

RENO, NEVADA. 

"March 23, 1904. 

"To Intending Settlers on Public Lands Under 
Truckee-Carson Irrigation Project: 

"The lands to be irrigated by that portion of the irrigation 
system now under construction comprise about 235,000 acres 
situated in Washoe, Storey, Lyon and Churchill Counties, 
Nevada, being in the vicinity of Wadsworth on the Central 
Pacific Railroad, and in the Carson Sink Valley, aliout 200,000 
acres lieing in the latter valley. 

"Of this total area, some 25,000 acres are within the 
Pyramid Lake Indian Reservation, to the north of Wads- 
worth; about 70,000 acres, including railroad lands, are in 
private ownership; and the remainder, 140,000 acres, belong 
to the public domain. Of this latter, about 90,000 are now 
open to entry under the Homestead Act, subject to the pro- 
Visions of the Reclamation Law, which authorizes the Secre- 
tary of the Interior: 

" ' I. To limit the Homestead Entry to any area between 
40 and 160 acres. 

" '2. To fix the price per acre that shall be charged for 



water, which price shall return to the government the cost 
of the irrigation works. 

'3. To fix the numljer of annual payments, not exceed- 
ing ten, and the date when the payments shall begin. 

'4. To perform any acts and make all rules and regu- 
lations necessary to carry out the provisions of the law.' 

"The lands under the Truckee-Carson Project can be 
entered under the Homestead Act only. The U. S. Land 
Office where entries are made is at Carson City, Nevada. 

"There is no charge for the land other than the usual 
Land Office fees. 

"All entries will be limited to from 40 to 160 acres of land, 
depending upon location, character of soil, roughness of 
surface and irrigability. 

"All of the public land will be subdivided into homestead 
or farm tracts, each of which will enibrace enough irrigable 
land to support a family comfortably, if well and carefully 
tilled under irrigation. 

"Any unmarried person over 21 years of age, or any head 
of a family, who is, or has declared intention to 1)ecome, a 
citizen of the United States, who has not used his or her home- 
stead right, or who is not then owner of 160 acres of land, can 
file on any one of these tracts. 

"Title to land cannot be acquired until all payments for 
water have been made. 

"Residence must be established on land within six months 
after filing thereon, and must be continuous thereafter. 

"The cost of water to settlers has not been exactly deter- 
mined, but will probably be $15 or $20 per acre irrigable, 
payaljle in ten equal annual instalments without interest. 

"The land is situated at from 3,900 to 4,200 feet above 
sea level. The climate is dry, the mean annual precipitation 
being four to si.x inches. Snow rarely falls to a depth of three 
or four inches, and never lies more than a few days. 

"Temperatures are about the same as at Salt Lake City, 
and the same crops raised there, flourish here. 



[6] 



"The soils are sandy loam, and ashy in the main, but in 
the lower part of Carson Sink Valley they are heavier, contain- 
ing an admixture of clay. It is all valley land covered with 
sage-brush and greasewood. 

"Well water, usually of good quality, can be obtained on 
the lower land at from ten to thirty feet from the surface, and 
on the higher bench land, at from loo to i6o feet depth. 




CAR.W AN WINDING ITS WAY OVER THE SAGE-BRLSH HILLS 
IN EARLY NEVADA DAYS— 1875 

"The Central Pacific Railroad traverses a part of the 
land, but the main body in Carson Sink Valley lies from five 
to thirty miles from it. 

"There are now some 12,000 or 15,000 acres of land under 
cultivation in Carson Sink Valley, and the present population 
is probably 800. There are five public schools in the valley. 



"The contractors on the irrigation works now employ 
nearly 1,000 men, and as additional contracts are let, more 
laborers will be required. 

"In the awarding of the contracts for the construction of 
the smaller distributing ditches an effort will be made to give 
settlers upon the land an opportunity to l)id upon the work. 

"It is likely that most of those settlers who desire, can 
find emplovment for themselves and teams on the canals 
during at least a part of their spare time, for the next two or 
three years. 

"It will take about three years to complete the construc- 
tion of the system for the irrigation of the above lands, but 
water for from 25,000 to 50,000 acres will be available in the 
spring of 1905. 

"During the latter part of July, 1904, maps showing this 
land, with approximate location of canals for irrigation and 
drainage, and its subdivision into homestead tracts, will be 
completed and ready for inspection in this office, and after- 
ward, additional maps of other parts of the irrigable lands 
will be prepared a reasonable time in advance of the comple- 
tion of the works for delivery of water thereto. 

"Prospective settlers are advised not to file upon land in 
advance of the preparation of these maps and the announce- 
ment of the Department of the Interior that it will be watered 
and is subject to entry under the Reclamation Law. 

"All intending settlers are warned against af^ciits claiming 
to have special or ' inside ' infoniiation concerning the lands 
to be irrigated, or the location of the canals, and proposing 
to furnish this information, or to locate them on such lands 
for a consideration, for all such agents are frauds and impos- 
tors. 

"L. H. Taylor, Engineer. 

"In charge Truckee - Carson Project, U. S. Reclamation, 
Service." 



[7] 




VIEW OF NEVADA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 




VIEW OF NEVADA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 



FRANCIS G. NEWLANDS, for ten years a member of 
Congress from the State of Nevada and now a mem- 
ber of the United States Senate, has been active for 
many years in the promotion of western interests, 
and in the agitation of both the silver and irrigation 
questions. In 1890, reahzing that the 
development of the State had up to ■ 
that time been a one-sided develop- 
ment, of mining interests only, he 
started a movement for the reclama- 
tion of the arid lands of the State, 
insisting upon it that Nevada could 
never reach her full proportions until 
she supplemented the mining develop- 
ment by the development of agricul- 
ture, commerce and general industries. 
With a view to giving the people of the 
State accurate information regarding 
irrigation possibilities, he employed en- 
gineers, the chief of whom, L. H. Tavlor 
is now supervising engineer in charge of 
the U. S. Reclamation Service, sent out 
surveying parties and secured exhaust- 
ive reports of the storage facilities and 
reclamation projects of the. four leading 
rivers of the State — the Truckee, 
Carson, Walker, and Humboldt Rivers, 
He published the result of these in- 
vestigations in 1892 in a printed report, 
accompanied by maps and diagrams, 
which was circulated throughout the 
State. He also, wherever practicable, 
secured the title to the reservoir sites, with a view to pre- 
venting them from being held for speculative purposes. He 
early announced that his purpose in entering upon and 
pursuing this work was not personal profit, but was simply 




SENATOR FRANCIS G. NEWLANDS 



to aid puldic action either upon the part of the State 
government or upon the part of county governments or of 
irrigation districts to be organized in the various valleys of 
the State. The hard times resulting from the panic of 1893 
prevented the taking up of any of these enterprises in the 
manner hoped for, so Mr. Newlands, 
having become a member of Congress, 
turned his attention to the question of 
national irrigation. He was one of the 
organizers of the National Irrigation 
Congress, and was always prominent 
in the work of education and agitation 
which it conducted. He sought upon 
every occasion when the subject could 
be introduced to present it in the House 
of Representatives, feeling assured that 
no national irrigation measure could be 
passed until the representatives of the 
eastern, southern and middle-western 
States were fully educated upon the 
subject. After a considerable period of 
education, both national conventions in 
1896 declared for national irrigation, 
and immediately afterwards Senator 
Newlands framed a general measure, 
which subsequently became a law, and 
is generally known as the Newlands 
Irrigation Act. This bill provided that 
all the proceeds of the sales of public 
lands in thirteen States and three Ter- 
ritories should be put into a special fund 
in the treasury of the United States, to 
be called the "Reclamation Fund." The bill then provided 
that the Secretary of the Interior should make investigation 
and survevs, and wherever he found an irrigation project 
practicable he should have the power to commence the work, 



[10] 



provided the moneys necessary for each 
contract were then in the treasury. It 
also gave him the power to fix the cost of 
each project upon the lands reclaimed by 
the sale of water rights payable in ten 
equal annual instalments, without interest. 
It provided, also, that he should divide 
the land reclaimed into small tracts, 
ranging from 40 to 160 acres, the unit of 
entry to be varied in the acreage according 
to its ability to support a family. It also 
provided that the government could sell 
water rights for lands in private owner- 
ship, but that no sale of a water right 
should be made to any one person for 
more than 160 acres, the purpose being 
not only to prevent monopoly of the 
public lands, but to break up the existing 
monopoly by making it to the interest of 
owners of large tracts of land to divide up 
and sell their lands into small tracts to 
purchasers who could obtain water rights 
from the government. 

Under this act over $20,000,000 have 
been accumulated in the Reclamation 
Fund, and it is confidently expected that within the next 
twenty or thirty years from $150,000,000 to $200,000,000 
will be expended in the various irrigation projects of the 
West. Already five large projects have been inaugurated in 
different States. The first inaugurated was that in Nevada, 
which embraces the union of the waters of the Truckee and 
Carson Rivers in the great Truckee-Carson Reservoir, from 
which water will be drawn and conducted by canals over 
about 350,000 acres in Churchill County. Other projects are 




RESIDENCE OF SENATOR NEWLANDS, RENO 

being investigated by the United States Geological Survey 
on other rivers of the State. Senator Newlands, in co-opera- 
tion with the Irrigation Committees of the Nevada Senate 
and Assembly, drew up a State Irrigation Bill, which is 
intended to bring all the State authorities into co-operation 
with the Federal authorities in the work of irrigation in 
Nevada. This bill was characterized by ,President Roose- 
velt upon his recent visit to Nevada as a model of legislation 
for other States. 



[II] 



CpjiY^P FT^rfnrc in ^cirrf Rriicln '^^® above area of land and a present population of 

OUlllC 1 aCLUlb 111 Od^C-Dl L1J)11 50,000 people would suggest that a large area— aside from 

■p, . present holdings and the 300,000 acres of the Reclamation 

r 3.rminP[« service — could be secured by desirable families, provided 

^ that surveys shovsr that a reasonable amount of water could 

Prof. R. H. McDowell. be had for' irrigation. 

NEVADA became known to the world through the alfalfa 
millions taken from the Comstock. In a few more 

years it will be known by its diversified farming This crop is quite extensively grown in the State, and is 

including high-grade fruit farms, and herds of the the best all round feed that we have. Steers are driven 

best cattle, sheep and horses. In fact, several in or unloaded from the cars and finished for market on 

years ago Winters' runners were too fast for the best, and alfalfa fed in open yards direct from the stack. 

Governor Sparks' pure-bred cattle were well and favorably Farm horses will do their work for a portion of the year 

known from Chicago to California. when fed on alfalfa, with little or no grain. Some liverymen 

"Ten acres enough," was the terse remark of the veteran claim that their horses do well on this feed if they do the 

journalist, Horace Greeley. Some men in Nevada consider driving, but with the general public to do the driving, the 

1,000 to 30,000 acres enough till the time comes when they results are not good. 

can get a few more acres. The United States Reclamation Thousands of lands are pastured on the third crop and 

Service will ultimately bring under irrigation about 300,000 finished for market. Blue grass is one of our best for pasture, 

acres of good farming land, which will afford homes to several and the grasses with a few weeds form the pasture on the 

thousand families who will be given an opportunity to ex- range, but for the valleys and the quantity crop, we must 

change the "six months winter and three months cold depend on alfalfa. Two crops, in Western Nevada, are cut 

weather" for a land of sunshine. per year, giving about 3^ tons per acre. An occasional 

fanner claims 4 to 8 tons per acre. 

AREA OF THE STATE. ^^ twelve ycars past, the price has ranged from $4.75 

The report of the Surveyor-General for 1901-1902 gives to $8 per ton in the stack. Single loads delivered in town 

the area and classification as follows: have sold from $10 to $14 per ton. What is locallv called 

Area— 112,090 square miles, or 71,737,600 acres S^^^f ^"^ upland hay is raised in several valleys, and is fed 

Grazing 30,000,000 " ^^ ^he stock-yards. 

Mineral i c, 000, 000 " 

A • 1. 11 GRAIN. 

Agriculture 20,000,000 

Forestry 2,000,000 " Grain-growing is an important farming factor in some 

Saline, borax and sulphur deposits and sections of the State. Lovelock is credited with five machines 

deserts 3,656,000 " that cut, thresh and sack the grain. 

Lakes, rivers and sinks 1,081,600 " Wheat yields from 35 to 55 bushels per acre with farmers. 

[12] 



The Station farm has grown 67 bushels per acre. There 
is a market for more grain than what we are raising. One 
firm in this State, in the past year, has shipped in over 2,600 
tons of wheat and barley, although one valley supplied about 
200 tons of barley. Wheat for seven years past has averaged 
$1.31 per hundred pounds, at Reno. 

Wheat that is fall sown will head the latter part of the 
following May. In sowing White Austra- 
lian that has been cleaned and screened, 
75 pounds per acre is ample seed if sown 
with a drill; 30 pounds per acre has pro- 
duced a crop of 1,900 pounds, and in one 
case 3,000 pounds per acre. With fall 
sowing, three to four irrigations will pro- 
duce a very fair crop. 

POTATOES, 

In local language often called " spuds," 
are quite extensively grown in several 
counties, some farmers harvesting from 
75 to 300 tons. 

The Early Rose and Burbank have 
been leading varieties, although in the 
past few years some additions have been 
made to the list. 

The yield is from 7 A to iij tons per 
acre — land measured and the potatoes 
weighed. Farmers usually report the 
yield at 9 to 12 tons per acre. One 
farmer reports having raised 26 tons 
on an acre. In twelve years past, the price has varied 
from $8 to $35 per ton, with an average of about 
S18. The home market takes a portion of the crop, and 
large quantities are sold in Sacramento, and are always in 
demand in San Francisco, as well as onions, and are con- 



sidered superior to all others raised on the Pacific Coast, 
and are valued highly for good shipping quality, especially 
to the Hawaiian Islands. Nevada could easily raise all its 
own food products and thus retain the millions that j^early 
go East and West for this purpose. Its onions, potatoes, 
turnips and beets are not only of immense size, but of excel- 
lent flavor. Its apples are the equal in flavor, size, color 




HAY STACKING IN ALFALFA FIELDS 



and shipping quality to the best apples raised in Oregon. 
Michigan and New York. Nine apples at the Chamber of 
Commerce measured 37 inches when placed side by side, 
and are the same as those that took first premiums at New 
Orleans in 1885 and 1886 and in Chicago in 1893. 



[13] 



A FEW EXTRA PRODUCTS. 



MARKETS 



In addition to alfalfa and other standard products pre- 
viously mentioned, there are a few others not extensively 
grown and yet do well with reasonable care. 

Hops do fairly well, producing 500 pounds, dried, per 
acre, the first season after planting. For a moderate-sized 
yard the low trellis does good service; the large yards of the 
Coast use the high trellis. This crop fluctuates much in 
price, at times one dollar per pound, and at other seasons, 
seven cents or less. Flint, of Sacramento, who has grown 
the crop since 1862, is one of the best authorities on hop 
culture. 

Tobacco can be brought to the ripening stage without 
difficultv; and even cured without a special house, was pro- 
nounced by the users as all right. The best way for fanners 
to use tobacco is to let it entirely alone. It costs a small 
fortune in thirty-five years, and he has nothing to show for 
the investment but unstead}^ nerves. 

Peanuts are as readily grown as cucumbers, and make 
fair crop in quantity and quality. Canada field peas can be 
drilled with a two-horse grain drill, cut with a mowing ma- 
chine, and threshed with the ordinary steam grain thresher. 
One hundred to 120 pounds per acre is about right for seed, — 
yield per acre, 2,700 potmds; 145 pounds of peas and 35 
pounds of oats mixed in, and cut when the pods begin to 
form, make a partial substitute for ha)^ 

Some of our citizens are making a specialty of raising 
poultry, and are making it very profitable. 

IRRIGATION. 

The onlv guarding the farmer needs to do regarding this 
topic is to have water rights certain and not use too much 
water. Use timely cultivation, make the best use of farm 
fertilizers, and keep the weeds out. 2. 



Are found to a limited extent at home and the larger ones 
in Sacramento, San Francisco, and, in some cases, Denver 
and Chicago. 

One firm in the State imported over 2,600 tons of grain 
in the past year. For those interested in grain raising, here 
is an opportunity to increase sales. The large capital in- 
vested by the Southern Pacific in the past two years in track 
improvement and the erection of first-class shops and round- 
house in Nevada, the new railroad being built, and the in- 
creased mining activity in the southern part of the State, 
all mean a larger population, more traffic, and consequent 
heavier demand for the products of the farm or orchard. 

One railroad of Reno annually ships in tons of the different 
varieties of fruit ; pork products for years have come to Reno 
in car lots; poultry by the carload passes weekly through 
this city to the Coast. 

Perhaps some Nevada man can enlarge his output of the 
above articles and make the other fellow divide profits. 

DAIRYING. 

If a dairy is to be conducted with one word, use "clean- 
liness." Use "quiet," if a second word is added; with the 
profitable results certain to follow from the use of these 
words as a guide, we can be sure of system which will include 
"on time." The greatest profit comes with furnishing pure 
dairy goods, — either milk, cream, or butter. Leading men 
of this country have said, "I go to such a hotel because the 
purity of the milk is certain, and the food in general is the 
best to be had." In starting a dairy, first-class cows in every 
respect should be selected and tested by an expert, to make 
it certain that as regards health, there can be no criticism. 

Put up the butter or cream in convenient and tasty pack- 
ages, — the e.xtra sales will make it pay. 



[14] 




SCENES ON WINTERS' RANCHO, NEAR CARSON CITY 



This farm industry has not been extensively taken up 
in Nevada; several dairy plants that have started and appar- 
ently carried on a thriving business for a time have been 
closed. The factors of feed, pasture, good mountain water 
and a desirable temperature we have in abundance. With 
high-grade dairy products and this grade to a certainty, we 
have a home market, and can rely on Sacramento, San Fran- 
cisco, and probably, within certain limits, on cities east of 
here. But to have even a portion of the sales in the above 
cities, the goods must be above honest criticism. It is a kind 
of work that emphatically needs the right man in the right 
place. We have several dairies in the State that continue 
to do a good business. One of these especially has a large 
call for its products in several counties of California. There 
is money in it to the right man. 

To the man of moderate means who comes to the new 
lands opened to farming by irrigation, life for the first five 
years will be real. The mountain scenery, trout stream 
(we have both) side of the question presented by bureaus 
of information will be to him rather of a side issue that will 
produce but little tangible revenue. The man who comes 
with a practical knowledge of farm and garden work, who 
has gone over the ground in advance, or has trusted some 
conservative friend to do so, who has given the subject 
candid and continued thought, will, in a term of years, win 
a home and a fair competence. In several counties good 
land can be secured, — aside from this, the right to a definite 
amount of water suitable for the needs of irrigation should be 
a matter of record from competent and recognized authority. 




Horticulture. 

Ross Lewers. 

FRUIT culture in Nevada has so far received very 
little attention, but the very excellent results ob- 
tained wherever it has been tried should warrant 
a much greater production of fruit. The principal 
reasons why more fruit has not been grown are, 
want of a market at home, owing to our small population, 
and high rates for transportation to outside markets. But 
both these preventing causes are likely to be removed, as 
large areas of land are about to be brought under cultivation 
by the government irrigation system, which will more than 
double our population; besides, the mining outlook of our 
State never was as bright as it is now, and the transporta- 
tion companies show a disposition to treat us more liberally 
than formerly, so I think it is safe to predict that in the near 
future a great deal more fruit will be planted, and more people 
will have an opportunity to enjoy Nevada fruit. Nevada 
apples have proven their great excellence when brought 
into competition with the best of all the other States at New 
Orleans and at Chicago. 

The beautiful color of fruit here must be owing to the 
high altitude (from 3,000 to over 5,000 feet), and clear, 
cloudless days, sometimes warm in the daytime but always 
cool at night, and perhaps also to an abundant supply of 
iron and potash in the soil. The only apples I have ever 
seen that compare favorably with those of Nevada were 
grown in Idaho and in the Hood River Valley in Oregon, 
where similar climatic conditions prevail and perhaps a simi- 
larity of soil. 

Fungous diseases do not thrive in this dry climate. The 
only injurious pests we have are the woolly aphis and codling- 
moth. The former is being eliminated by lady-bugs, and 
the latter can be kept under control by close attention to 



[16] 



bands which form a protection to a beetle that eats the larvae 
of the codling-moth. The San Jose scale has made its ap- 
pearance in a few places here, but a spray of lime, salt and 
sulphur will keep it from doing much harm until its own 
particular enemy multiplies as it did in California. 

Strawberries, raspber- 
ries, loganberries, black- 
berries and currants are 
a decided success here. 
Also cherries, plums and 
pears do well and are free 
from all diseases, and in 
favorable location peaches 
are a reasonably sure crop. 
All these fruits have a re- 
markably high color and 
a rich, fruity flavor. 

In the southern part 
of OUT State, in Lincoln 
County, almost semi- 
tropical conditions exist. 
There are planted and in 
bearing, grapes, almonds, 
figs, olives, and even some 
African dates. Oranges 
and lemons, I believe, 
have not been tried 
there, but no doubt they 
would do well. This part 
of the State has been even 
more retarded in fruit de- 
velopment by want of a 
market than the north- 
western section, but a transcontinental railroad now build- 
ing through the southern part of the State will soon give 
access to the markets of the world. 





^ 


^k, 




if- ^m 







BOUGH OF .APPLE TREE FROM ORCH.\RD 
OF ROSS LEWERS, NEAR FRANKTOWN 



Bee Industry, Nevada's Sweetness. 

John Edwards Bray. 

THE honey industry of Nevada is not the least of her 
business enterprises and resources, though yet in 
its infancy. Experts have placed the quality of 
Nevada honey in the foremost rank at the many 
great exhibitions held throughout the country in 
the past ten or twelve years. As yet Nevada's resources for 
the production of honey have scarcely been tapped, and 
when they are once realized and developed, Nevada will 
surely become the foremost honey-producing section on the 
American continent. Bee men are just beginning to realize 
that our climate has superior advantages for bee culture and 
fine honev production on a large scale. Our dry atmosphere 
and abundant supply of moisture by irrigation, — the latter 
condition being certain of wide extension in the immediate 
future under the vast irrigation projects and works of the 
United States government, — supply precedent conditions 
of a most important nature. Nevada's list of honey-produc- 
ing plants is very extensive; in fact, nearly every known 
variety of wild flower found in the United States, which has 
value to the apiurist, can be found growing on our hill and 
mountain sides ;md in many fertile valleys. But the chief 
source of our honey is alfalfa, the king of forage plants, which 
here reaches perfection in growth, — in the immense size of 
plant and blossoms and in the quantity and quality of nectar 
secreted. From spring until fall this luxuriant plant can be 
found under our system of irrigation and frequent harvesting 
of crops in almost continuous blossom. 

During this long period of bloom, a practically rainless 
period, the surplus honey is gathered. This honey has a 
flavor distinctly its own, being very much superior, as experts 
tell us, to the famous sage honey produced in the mountainous 



[17] 



regions of California. Samples of both the comb and ex- 
tracted product were exhibited by Mr. L. D. Flory.* At 
the National Bee-keepers Convention, held in Los Angeles, 
California, in the month of August , 1903, it was said by all 
present to be the finest on exhibition, it being in competi- 
tion with the produce of nearly every important honey- 
producing section in the Union. The past two seasons, 
1902 and 1903, have witnessed an iinmense increase in 
the number of colonies operated, the increase being more 
perceptible east of Reno, in the vast alfalfa fields of 
Washoe, Churchill, Humboldt and Elko 
Counties. This has been due largely to 
the importation of bees from Southern 
California. 

In further illustration of the qualitv 
of Nevada honey, it might be well to add 
that it took the first premium at the 
World's Fairs at New Orleans and at 
Chicago; at the Mechanics' Fair in San 
Francisco; also at State Fairs in Ohio. 
Michigan and Indiana. Black honey, so 
frequently found in many sections, is 
rarely seen in Nevada. As to the quantit\' 
made, our bee-men report the average 
about one hundred to one hundred and 
fifty pounds per swarm. Mr. J. M. Fulton, 
district passenger agent for Nevada of the 
Southern Pacific Railway, informed the 
writer that about twenty-five carloads ot 
honey were shipped out of Nevada last 
year which, taken with the home con- 
sumption, would indicate that our product, in 1903, was 
more than one million pounds — a pretty good record for 



a new industry in Nevada. The reputation of Nevada 
honey for superiority has reached England and France, 
and within the past year large orders were received from 
those countries. 

It is not possible within the limits of this article to refer 
individually to all the different bee-men who have become 
prominent in this industry in Nevada. However, as we 
have been furnished with cuts of one of the many large plants 
in the State, it has been thought proper to present these to 
the readers of this pamphlet, together with some interesting 




NEVADA APIARY 



* Mr. F!or\ , who furnished much of the material for this article, is one of the far-seeing 
bee-men who \n the past ten years have left Lali'o'nia and c me over to Nevada, locating 
near Verin^ton, in Lvon Count>-, where he has built up a \er> fine apiary, from which he is 
reaping a rich reward, 



facts in connection therewith, as typical of our various bee 
plants. Messrs. Thorn and Ercanbrack, whose apiary is 
represented in the accompanying cuts, have three hundred 
or more colonies in their plant near Lovelock, Humboldt 
County, Nevada. The business is run on a scientific basis, 



[18] 



and all the honey is extracted from the comb before being 
marketed. Alfalfa fields are the feeding grounds of the bees, 
and they thrive wonderfully well. The cuts show the loca- 
tion of the colonies in a grove of tall cotton trees, and a dray -load 
of extracted honey in cans on its way to the storehouse or cars. 
Proper legislation for the protection of the bees against 
disease, and a general co-operation on the part of those en- 
gaged in the business, will be essential as this industry is 
extended, and it is to be hoped that the State authorities 
will give the business the attention it warrants and foster 




HOXKV KKADV l'(IR M;\RKET 



this growing industry of the State of Nevada. These re- 
sults, it is believed, will soon be forthcoming, and then 
Nevada will stand in its bee industry second to no State in 
the Union. 



The Sugar-Beet in Nevada. 

Prof. N. E. Wilson. 

FOR eight successive seasons, from 1891 to 1899, the 
Nevada Experiment Station conducted a series of 
exhaustive experiments with the sugar-beet, with 
the object in view of ascertaining whether the con- 
ditions of soil and climate prevailing in Nevada 
are suited to the culture of beets contain- 
ing sufficient sucrose to be of use commer- 
cially in the manufacture of sugar. A large 
I-iortion of the State — in fact, all of the 
northern and western parts — lies within 
the thermal area suitable to beet culture. 
Within this area, also, is to be found a 
major portion of the agricultural lands of 
the State ; and it was to these areas that 
our investigations were confined. The first 
season's work went far to show what could 
1)6 done, although the minute details of 
practical cultivation as applied to the thor- 
oughbred beet were by no means well un- 
derstood at the time, and it was a very 
difficult matter to get the ranchers who 
were co-operating with the station to un- 
derstand that the beet for sugar production 
is not that of great size and weight like the 
prize pumpkin at the county fair. Each 
season's experience, however, brought im- 
provements in these matters, and the re- 
sults of each succeeding season were more gratifying than 
those of the preceding. 

The records of the eighth year's work all point to the 
fact that sugar-beets of high sugar content and purity can 



[19] 



be grown here; and not alone this, but that they can be 
grown in quantities amply sufficient for a factory supply. 
In fact there are several sections in the State, each of which 
could supply a factory for a long campaign. This is espe- 
cially true of the Lovelock Valley in Humboldt County, where 
20,000 acres of land in a single body, perfectly adapted to 
the growth of the beet, occur. The soils of Nevada are 
exceptionally strong in the elements of plant food necessary 
for beet growth. This, together with the almost cloudless 
sky and bright sunshine — and with the use of good judgment 




we can have the best of facilities for supplying water, in the 
quantities needed for irrigation — makes this State an ideal 
section for the beet production. 

It was formerly taught that beets could not be produced 
under the irrigation system, but experience has shown that 
beets can be brought to a high state of perfection under the 
system. This is not only clearly demonstrated by the cul- 
tural experiments in this State, but also by the practical 
work of the factories at Lehi, Utah, and in the Pecos Valley 
in New Mexico, and is but an instance where theory and 
practise do not go hand in hand. 

The locality giving the best results we 
have found to be the Lovelock Valley. The 
soil of this valley is peculiarly rich and fer- 
tile, and has been formed by the growth and 
decay of tules, which have been covered by 
sediment, thus forming alternate layer after 
layer of decayed tules and sedimentary silt 
to a great depth. This valley contains at 
least 100,000 acres of good beet land, and 
from 20,000 to 30,000 acres could undoubt- 
edly be secured for beet-growing in the ad- 
vent of a factory for the manufacture of the 
product. 

Carson Valley, in Douglas County, has a 
soil quite well adapted to beet culture, but 
not so well adapted as that of the Lovelock 
Valley, nor is it as easily worked, and is 
more gravelly and stony. Water facilities in 
this valley are good and lime rock can be 
obtained, but the fuel problem would figure 
a little more on account of transportation 
by team for some distance. The results from 
this section are not as promising as those 
of the Lovelock Valley, yet are above the 
average. 



[20] 



In Mason Valley, situated mostly in 
Lyon County, but extending for a few 
miles into Esmeralda, the experiments 
have been very satisfactory. The soil 
is alluvial and very fertile, and a large 
acreage is available for beet production 
should the circumstances warrant. 

TheTruckee Meadows, intheTruckee 
Valley, Washoe County, have given good 
returns. The soil is hardly of the best 
type for beet growing on account of a 
large amount of coarse gravel contained 
in it, nevertheless, good beets grow 
there, and a tonnage of fifteen to the 
acre has been produced. 

In the north end of Ruby Valley in 
South Elko County, the soil is a rich 
black loam which has washed from the 
surrounding mountains and has been 
found to be a strong wheat-producing 
soil. The experiments conducted on 
this soil show it to be a good beet pro- 
ducer. Other conditions are favorable, except fuel. The 
district is too far from the railroad to get coal at such prices 
as would enable a factory to use it, but an abundance of 
mountain mahogany would be available. 

The Battle Mountain district in Humboldt County pos- 
sesses a strong soil which is easily worked. The facilities 
for water, lime rock and fuel are about the same as in the 
Lovelock Valley. The soil of this vicinity in all probability 
carries a little too much alkali for the best results, but it is 
in such form and the topography of the country is such that 
the excess could be easily drained off. 

The average of all samples analyzed during the season 




is as follows: Number of samples, 183. Per cent of sucrose 
in juice, 17.05; per cent of sucrose in the beet, 16.20; pur- 
ity, 84.68. This average includes those beets which were 
grown without any cultivation or care whatever, and which 
in one case ran as low as 7.4 in sugar content. This being 
the case, it is readily seen that with proper care of the beets 
in all cases our average of sugar content would be very high. 

The cuts published herewith are of types of beets raised 
in the Lovelock Valley by Mr. John Harrison. They are 
but a good average of the crop from about twenty acres, 
which gave by very careful measurements, 24 tons of trimmed 
beets per acre. 



[21] 



The Mining Industry. 

W. T. MORAN. 

U..S. Dept. Min. Sur. ; Resident Surveyor Comstock Lode, 
Virginia City, Nevada. 

XT being impossible within a brief space to give an ex- 
haustive description of the mining industry of Nevada, 
the writer must therefore content himself with making 
a few statements regarding the mining in the past and 
present within the State, and ofTering a few facts to 
prove the statement which has often been made, — viz., that 
the mining and prospecting already done has merely been 
scratching. When a good map of Nevada is examined, it 
will be noticed that the topography consists of not less than 
60 distinct ranges of mountains, all of which have been named, 
besides manv inore lesser chains and isolated peaks, divided 
from one another by valleys more or less fertile. These 
ranges vary from 10 to 50 miles in length, and gold and silver 
in greater or less quantities is found on every one of them. 
The mountain ranges run nearly north and south, but in 
some cases the mineral belts run east and west; one in par- 
ticular, in Elko County, extending east and west, is nearly 
40 miles wide, and 130 miles in length; gold in placers and 
ledges has been found in paying quantities throughout its 
entire length. The area of Nevada is 7 1 ,000,000 acres, mostly 
mountainous. We will proceed to show what has been done 
in the few known camps. We can form some opinion of the 
future possibilities of the State. Every day new discoveries 
are being made. No one ever heard of Tonopah until late 
in 1900, nor of Goldfield until two years later. It is there- 
fore reasonable to suppose that many more equally as rich 
and productive districts will be discovered from time to 
time when the ubiquitous prospector reaches them. It is 
not to be supposed, however, that no prospecting has been 



done along these ranges; they have all been more or less tra- 
versed by eager seekers after gold and silver, but various 
causes led to many promising ledges and placers being aban- 
doned for the time being; among these causes may be men- 
tioned inaccessibility, scarcity of water, lack of transporting 
facilities, lack of funds, etc. We will now proceed to show 
what has been done in the different Counties, taking them 
in alphabetical order. 

CHURCHILL COUNTY.— The gold discoveries in this 
county are phenomenally rich, and several extensive copper 
mines are turning out and shipping matte. In the eastern 
part of the county are several high ranges of mountains, 
notably, Carson Sink, Augusta and Sinkavata Mountains. 
These mountains, like all others in Nevada, are seamed with 
ledges, carrying gold and other precious metals. Many rich 
veins of gold and silver have been discovered, and have 
turned out a large amount of bullion. Most of the discov- 
eries are of recent date, and give promise of becoming bon- 
anzas. 

DOUGLAS COUNTY. —Is generally mountainous, with 
rugged high peaks. The Pine Nut Mountains in the eastern 
part of the county are seamed with ledges of quartz, rich 
with precious metals. There are also rich placer mines, which 
have been worked profitably in a small way, the scarcity of 
water preventing more extensive operations. In the southern 
part, gold mines have been worked for many years very 
profitably. 

ELKO COUNTY. — This county contains 10,972,000 acres 
of land, or over one-seventh of the entire State of Nevada. 
Its length is 155 miles and width 129 miles. It is not con- 
sidered a leading mining county, but the net proceeds of its 
mines hold a respectable relation to the net proceeds of the 
mines of the State. The mountains cover one-half the area 
of the county, and are from 8,000 to 12,000 feet high. These 
mountains are rich in minerals, but were never thoroughly 
prospected. Tuscarora, the leading mining camp of the 



[ 22 ] 




BIRD'S EVK VIEW OF VIRGINIA CIl N' 



county, was one of the first discovered, and has been worked 
continuously since. The placer mines there discovered are 
also being worked. Afterwards silver ledges were developed, 
and have turned out $10,000,000 worth of silver. Since the 
advancement of gold in value, the gold ledges in the district 
have been opened up, and are now being profitably worked. 
ESMERALDA COUNTY.— The mines of Esmeralda prin- 
cipally produced silver, but since the decline in the value of 
that metal, gold production has received more attention, and 
many rich ledges have been opened up. The principal dis- 



tricts in this county are Aurora, Pine Grove, Hawthorne, 
Palmetto, Silver Peak. Candelaria, Silver Star, Tule Canon, 
Montezuma and Cambridge. These camps have produced 
not less than $20,000,000. In the county is also situated the 
new camp of Goldfield and a part of the camp of Tonopah. 
A few words about the Goldfield District will not be out of 
place here. Scarcely two years old, it has developed into a 
very promising cainp, and bids fair to rival its sister camp, 
Tonopah, from which it is distant 26 miles. The principal 
mines are Jumbo, surface average $275 per ton, at 50 feet 



[23] 



average $1,467, Combination (ore goes $200 to $400 in gold), 
the January and Florence. 

EUREKA COUNTY.— Eureka District was discovered in 
1864. This district ranks second only to the world-famous 
Comstock in Storey County. The mines have produced $125,- 
000,000, and only a few ledges known to exist in this district 
have been worked, and very little deep mining has been done. 
In this camp, as in many others, the cyanide process of treat- 
ing ore and tailings has caused a great revival, and worked 
a wonderful transformation. Lead is largely produced from 
the mines of Eureka District. Iron is found in abundance, 
and near Palisade in the northern part of the county is a 




VELLOW JACKET GOLD AND SILVER MINING COMPANY, 
GOLD HILL, W. E. SHARON, SUPT. 

large deposit of magnetic iron ore now being worked. The 
mining camps are Eureka, Cortez, Mineral Hill and Safford. 
LANDER COUNTY.— Silver and gold were first discov- 



ered in 1862, and since then mining has been the principal 
industry of the county. The most important mining dis- 
tricts of this county are Austin, Galena, Lewis, Bullion, Pitts- 
burg, Kingston, Marysville, New Pass and Yankee Blade. 
Good prospects have been found in every mountain range 
in the county, and throughout the county are many rich un- 



■""53S! 




OVERMAN SIL\ER Ml.SING (.UMFA.W , GOLD HILL, W. E. SHARON, SUPT. 

developed prospects of gold and silver. About twelve miles 
southward from Austin, in the Toiyabe Mountains, are the 
Big Creek Antimony Mines, which with similar ones in Hum- 
boldt and Churchill Counties enjoy the distinction of being 
the richest mines of this metal in the world. The ledge is 
very wide, and about two miles of its length has been traced. 
Lander County has produced over $36,000,000 worth of pre- 
cious metals. 

LINCOLN COUNTY. — Contains 19,000 square miles or 
nearly 12,250,000 acres. It was organized in 1866, and has 
produced $30,000,000 in gold, silver, lead and copper. Hun- 
dreds of millions remain to be extracted, as in fact mountains 



[24] 



of mineral lie practically untouched in this county. Other 
metals besides gold, silver, copper and lead exist in large 
quantities in this county. In the Raymond and Ely Mine 
alone over $5,000,000 worth of zinc exists which could be 
extracted with profit were transportation cheap. 

LYON COUNTY.— In this county is situated Silver City, 
one of the richest mining districts in Nevada. Many millions 
in gold and silver have been taken out, and at present all or 
nearly all the mining claims are being worked with more or 
less profit. Here, too, cyaniding has worked wonders, and 
is being carried on on a large scale. The mines in this dis- 



trict carry a very large proportion of gold. The great draw- 
back to mining in this district is the presence of water within 
100 feet of the surface preventing deep mining. This obstacle 
will be removed when the system of drainage contemplated 
and now being constructed is completed. In the central and 
southern parts of this county promising gold and silver quartz 
ledges have been found, notably at Como. In the eastern 
part many copper mines are being worked at a profit. 

NYE COUNTY. — Many rich mines of gold and silver 
have been discovered in this county, and have yielded an 
enormous amount of bullion, but as in other portions of the 




HUISTI.NT. WORKS ul LliL 



;l.ll).\l 1-1) \lKi;iNI.\ A'Sl) C.AI.II'(IRXI.\ .MINING C()M1'.\NV, \'IRG1N1.\ (ITV 
[25] 



State, the transportation facilities are almost absent, and 
consequently retard the development of the county. When 
more railroads come, all this will be changed, and it will be 
profitable to work low-grade ores. A railroad has recently 
been built from Sodaville to Tonopah which has given cheap 
transportation, and opened up a vast territory containing 
many rich mining camps. 

A few words about Tonopah will show that the State is 
practically unexplored and unprospected. Four vears ago, 
•or in 1900, James Butler discovered Tonopah, and at present 
writing there are over 4,000 people in the camp. From its 
discovery up to the last day of December, 1901, $4,500,000 
was produced. The mineral zone is 7,000 feet long by 5,000 
feet wide. Besides gold and silver, copper, lead, antimony, zinc 
and quicksilver have been found in quantity in this county, 
also gypsum, fireclay, chalk, soapstone, borax and alum. 

ORMSBY COUNTY.— There is little or no mining being 
carried on in this county, but many of the wealthy mine 
owners of the State have their residences in Carson, the capi- 
tal, which is a beautiful and attractive citv. 

STOREY COUNTY.— This is essentially a mining county, 
and has produced the greater part of the gold and silver that 
has been taken out of the State. No group of mines in the 
world have taken out more. The amount is $600,000,000. 
It is the only place in the State where deep mining has been 
carried on to any extent. The workings are down 3,200 feet 
and some of the most expensive pumping and hoisting ma- 
chinery in the world are in operation in the mines of the 
Comstock. These mines are as modern and up to date in 
their equipment and operations as any in the world, and the 
use of electricity for airing and lighting the mines is almost 
universal. Electricity is also used for hoisting in some of the 
mines, and for pumping in the C. & C. Shaft of the Con. Cal. 
& Val. Mine. The entire mine is lighted by electricity, 250 
16 candle-power lamps being used in the drifts, stopes and 
cross-cuts, as well as at the different stations. Electricity is 



also used to compress air to drive the drills and to run the 
fans used in keeping the mine cool. Previous to the intro- 
duction of electricity into the camp the cost per horse-power 
was $20.00; this has been reduced to $7.00. 

WASHOE COUNTY.— The leading industries of this 
county are agriculture and manufacturing, but recently won- 
derful discoveries have been made of almost fabulously rich 
mineral deposits, notably at the Wedekind Mine, near Reno, 
where in apparently unproductive rock, values as high as 
$700 per ton have been found, and extensive bodies of very 
rich rock have been blocked out in the various mines on the 
Wedekind Lode. Gold and silver have been universally 
mined in various other parts of this county, which contains 
also rich veins of copper, iron, sulphur, borax; salt and soda 
are to be found in large deposits north of Pyramid Lake. 
There are mines of quicksilver also in this countv. 

WHITE PINE COUNTY.— Some of the richest silver 
mines in the State e.xist in this county, and were universally 
and profitably worked up to the time when silver declined in 
value. Lately many rich discoveries of gold have been made 
and new ones are being constantly found. The principal min- 
ing districts are Hamilton, Ely, Eberhardt, Treasure City, 
Mineral City and Osceola. At Osceola extensive placer mines 
are being worked by hydraulic process, and annually j'ield a 
large amount of gold. 

SUMMARY. — Nevada is one of the richest States. It is 
no longer a silver State only. Employment can be found for 
more men in mining for gold than silver mining afforded in 
the past, and a greater output of wealth can be returned 
every year. The Comstock ore is about 45% gold. Eureka 
ore carries about 30% gold. Lincoln County ore is mostly 
gold. Esmeralda ore, except at Candelaria, is all gold. Sil- 
ver Peak has a gold ledge 45 feet wide and miles in length. 
Pine Grove Ledge in Esmeralda has produced $2,000,000 in 
gold ; it is 200 feet wide and is traceable for miles, and is prac- 
tically untouched. Hawthorne is also a gold-bearing district. 



[26] 




John \V. Mackav U.'S.^Grant, Jr. Gkn. U. S. Grant Ex-Gov. J. H. Kinkhad James G. Fair 

Mrs. D. Gillette .»;>« P»IC Mrs. U. S.JGrant ^r!" O'' I^R^. Jas. G. Fair Japanese Servant, kneeling 

General U. S. Grant and party's visit to the Consolidated California and Virginia Mines, Virginia City, Nevada, upon return from a tour around the world — 1881 



Sulphur Mining in Nevada. 

THIRTY years ago, while roaming over the Kamma 
Mountains, a Piute Indian found little mounds of 
yellow stuff that had been brought to the surface 
of the earth by the badgers that had their haunts 
in that district. Indian George brought some of 
these yellow particles to Humboldt, then, as now, a thriv- 
ing little eating station on the line of the Central Pacific 
Railroad. 

This mineral, unknown to the Indian, but well known 
to two prospectors who were then at Humboldt, excited 
their interest, and George was promised a broncho, a saddle 
and blankets if he would direct the prospectors to the spot 
where he found this strange-looking yellow rock. This the 
Indian did. 

The prospectors then and there located the ground, 
posted their notices, did their discovery work and formed a 
mining partnership under their names of Feely & Nord. 

It was not long before the partners disagreed, and 
quarrel followed quarrel. One hot July afternoon a furious 
fight took place between them, and the partnership hereto- 
fore known to exist between Feely & Nord was dissolved. 
Feely lay dead over a pile of sulphur ore, with a red streak 
trickling from somewhere underneath his blue cotton shirt. 

The law of Htimboldt County pursued Nord. He was 
tried for his life at Winnemucca, and the judge's sentence, 
"To be hanged by the neck until dead," closes the simple 
chapter of the discovery and location of the sulphur mines 
of Humboldt County, now the largest in the United States. 

For long years the property was abandoned and the 
ghost of Feely was monarch and his power supreme. But 
of late years the property again received the attention of 
mining men. After years of idleness, many vicissitudes, 
changes of ownership and losses amounting to thousands 



upon thousands of dollars by those who undertook to work 
the property, it attracted the attention of Mr. Isadore 
Zellerbach, one of the most successful business men of the 
city of San Francisco. 

In August, 1899, Mr. Zellerbach bought the property. 




EXHIBIT AT ST. LOUIS E.XPOSITION 



He organized the Nevada Sulphur Company, with himself as 
president and Mr. Louis Bloch secretary and general man- 
ager. Mr. Marcus M. Baruh was placed in charge of the 
mining operations, and under this able management the 
property has been placed on a dividend-paying basis, and 



[28] 



today ranks as one of the foremost mining enterprises in the 
State of Nevada. 

The mines are located thirty-five miles northwest of 
Hmnboldt, in Humboldt County, Nev., on the western slope 
of the Kamma Range, a low chain of hills of volcanic origin 
rising out of the desert, and bounded on the west by a wide 
expanse of almost perfectly level alkali flats known as the 
Quinn River and Black Rock Deserts. 

The country rock of the sulphur deposits is of uniform 
character and great extent. It consists of an immense quan- 
tity of light and dark grey tufa conglomerate, formed of vol- 
canic ashes and fragments of volcanic rocks, which, in some 
instances, are only partly cemented. 

The sulphur ore is found in immense blanket formations, 
thousands of feet in area. It is mostly mined underground 
through tunnels, but in some instances is found near the 
surface, and is then worked in open pits and the ore quarried. 

The ore is hauled to the refinery and deposited in cast- 
iron retorts holding about two and one-half tons. 

A recent analysis of the sulphur produced by the Nevada 
Sulphur Company, made at the University of California, at 
Berkeley, Cal., showed 99.81 per cent pure sulphur, and 
contained absolutely no deleterious matter. It is equal to 
sublimed sulphur for all purposes, and has supplanted that 
article throughout the Pacific Slope. 

The mine and refinery are operated the entire year, the 
company employing thirty-five men in and around their 
works. They own 1,600 acres of sulphur-bearing ground 
and have thousands of tons of ore exposed — a guarantee 
that the mine has many years of a profitable life before it. 

The company has made a meritorious exhibit of their 
ores and products at the St. Louis Exposition, in the Min- 
ing Department of the State of Nevada. 



Approved by: Pres. O. A. Dockham, 

Secretary Chamber of Commerce. 



WILLIAM E. SHARON, the subject of this sketch, 
was born in Ohio, in the year 1852. His -early 
life was spent on a farm, and his education and 
training was of that character which fitted him 
for the active and practical side of life. His na- 
tural affability, quick perception and excellent judgment of 
human nature have been of great advantage to him in his 
busy life. He is not only generally popular, but among those 
who are more intimate with him, he is regarded with the 
highest of esteem. 

In the year 1872, when comparatively a boy, Mr. Sharon 
came to Nevada, and has been a resident of the State con- 
tinuously up to the present, and his judgment is that he will 
still be a resident thirty-two years from now if Providence is 
kind to him. 

Upon arriving in Nevada, Mr. Sharon located at Virginia 
City, where he engaged in mining, gradually working himself 
up from a subordinate position to the .superintendency of 
some of the most celebrated mines on the Comstock Lode 
among which are the Belcher, Crown Point, Yellow Jacket 
and Overman. 

These mines have produced many millions of dollars, ma- 
terially increasing the world's wealth and adding greatly to 
the prosperity of the western country. 

Being an active, progressive and broad-minded man, Mr. 
Sharon has always been foremost in furthering the best in- 
terests of the State, and has become associated or directly 
connected with many of its best resources, hence he has con- 
siderably more than an ordinary interest in the future devel- 
opment of those resources. He is ever ready to listen to any 
plan for the betterment of conditions, or the broadening of 
opportunities for the upbuilding of Nevada, if such plans 
have merit, and none will enter into the spirit of the project 
more readily than he. 



[^9] 



He is not a man that gives serious consideration to petty 
jealousies, class distinction or social standing. He meets all 
on the level, and always has a kind word for the inan in over- 
alls or broadcloth. Billy, or Will, as he is familiarly known 
all over the State, is at home in any part of Nevada. 

In public affairs he has always taken a decided and active 




BELCHER SILVER MINING COMPANY, GOLD HILL, W. E. SHARON, SUPT. 

part, not a prejudiced one, but from a standpoint, as he 
viewed matters, for the benefit of the people, not the indi- 
vidual. 

Mr. Sharon never has sought public office. He has, how- 
ever, been mentioned at various times for Governor, Congress 
and other positions of honor and trust. He served his county 
(Storey) two sessions of the Legislature as State Senator, 
which position he filled with credit and honor. For the past 
twelve years Mr. Sharon has been prominent and energetic 



in the fight for silver, fully believing that the remonetization 
of the white metal was of paramount importance to the State 
of Nevada as well as to the whole country. As chairman of 
the Silver Party State Central Committee, he has been very 
active and his work in this organization in the interest of the 
State and for the benefit of the taxpayers and people gener- 
ally is now a matter of record. 

"The New Nevada" is not a theory with Mr. Sharon, 
but a reality that is rapidly assuming shape and importance. 
His opportunities for securing information through associa- 
tions with prominent men of capital and investors looking 
for chances for safe investment, convinces him that Nevada 
will soon rank as a leading western State, and mining will 
not, as in the past be her principal resource, for through the 
irrigation projects now in the course of development, she will 
take a front place as an agricultural State. 

Mr. Sharon is associated as well as directly connected 
with some of Nevada's prominent interests, the value of 
which will be greatly increased through the policy of prog- 
ress and development which is now at hand, and which he 
will aid in every way possible. 

In this connection it may not be out of place to say that 
the fabulous wealth produced from the Comstock Lode is a 
matter of history, and there are possibilities yet to be accom- 
plished which will eclipse the record of any former production 
and even cause the reputed riches of Aladdin or the wealth 
of Monte Cristo to pale into comparative insignificance. The 
superintendents of all of the Comstock mines are men of 
sterling character, and their long experience and practical 
knowledge of mining, together with the optimistic hopes which 
every good miner has, as a part of himself, make them capa- 
ble of undertaking herculean tasks and carrying them through 
successfully, so at no distant day the unwatering of the lower 
levels of these great mines will cause a renewed activity on 
the Comstock Lode which will probably equal if not surpass the 
period when the"big bonanzas " were the wonderof the world. 



[30] 




I 



The Living Witness of the 
Desert's Tragedy. 

G. McM. Ross. 
N time to come , when New Nevada has reached a stage 
of development and repose, we can imagine her, when 
thinking of the loved ones she would honor or whose 
deeds she would commemorate, saying: 



"I dreamed last night of a dome of beaten gold 
To be a counter-glory to the Sun; 
There shall the eagle blindly dash himself, 
There the first beam shall strike, and there the moon 
Shall aim all night, her argent archery; 
And it shall be the tryst of sundered stars, 
The haunt of dead and dreaming Solomon ; 
Shall send a light upon the lost in Hell, 
And flashings upon faces without hope — 
And I will think in gold and dream in silver. 
Imagine in marble and in bronze conceive." 
Within the limits of the shadow of such a dome, on a pedestal 
of silver, an eternal place has been earned bv our four-footed 
friend whose picture heads the article and whose merit and 
worth have been belied or belittled by the poet who said: 
"A fellow feeling makes us wondrous kind," by the philoso- 
pher who said: "Spirit that lurks each form within, beckons 
to spirit of its kin," and by the general indifference to the 
important part he has played in the development of Nevada. 
With the exception of the Comstock, there is no mining camp 
in the State that does not owe its discovery, directly or in- 
directly, to the so-called vagaries of our friend, but in realitv 
to his courage, patience, and ability to suffer the tortures of 
hunger and thirst that drive men mad. 

In palatial homes in eastern cities, fair women are decor- 
ated with wondrous jewels whose marvelous beauty mocks 
the sunlight. The palace, the jewels, even the women, would 
not be so assembled but for the part played bv the burro, in 
the discovery of Tonapah. 

Other animals have been, and still are, worshipped for 
services to man less conspicuous than the carrier of a Saviour, 
or the only possible companion of the dauntless prospector of 
Nevada's deserts. It may be that to acquaint the world with 
the merits that have so long been hid by time and fate, is no 
small part of the mission of New Nevada, herself, represent- 
ing in all past time, Mystery. 



[31] 



TPflf A/Tin inry Acr\f»r^f charges which, in the light of modern practise, were excessive. 

1 lie iVlllllll^ r^spCLL. Much of the capital was withdrawn from the State, and the 

money kings sought that congenial environment in social 

J. C. Ralston, M. E. and commercial centers which wealth can always command. 

The new and virile blood is being injected into the veins 

THE relative magnitude of Nevada with respect to of the State, and a firm and intelligent hold is being taken 

many other States is quite as striking as her other upon her mining and industrial possibilities, 

physical characteristics. Indeed, it is so im- Supplementing territorial extent with other criteria 

pressive that one is surprised when seeing it set ecjually as great invites still closer investigation. Nevada's 

in juxtaposition to other perhaps better known position amongst the great mineral-producing States of this 

territory. Thus, in point of area, Nevada is within less than country and of the world is of the first magnitude. Colorado 

one per cent the same size of the now defunct South African and California only outrank her in the production of gold 

Republic. It is more than twice the size of the Orange and silver in the period embraced between 1866 and 1902, 

Free State; the same size as Austria; more than half as large both inclusive. Of the eleven western mining States, within 

as the German Empire; larger than New Zealand, and within this period, the relative production has been derived from 

less than seven per cent the size of Great Britain and Ireland, the States in the order named, and in the aggregate values. 

Its area is a trifle greater than the aggregate of Maine, New in round numbers, as follows: 

Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jer- i — Colorado, gold and silver $711,000,000 

sey. West Virginia and Maryland. Japan, with her 43,000,- 2 — California, gold and silver 620,000,000 

000 inhabitants, is only one-third larger than Nevada with 3 — Nevada, gold and silver 504,000,000 

her 50,000 people. Here surely is an inglorious empire — a 4 — Montana, gold and silver 424,000,000 

forgotten commonwealth. 5 — Utah, gold and silver 208,000,000 

With a territory so large and so completely impressed 6 — Idaho, gold and silver 167,000,000 

with the most favorable geological conditions, it must very 7 — South Dakota, gold and silver 116,000,000 

properly engage the attention of the miner, now perhaps 8 — Arizona, gold and silver 108,000,000 

more than ever before. It was the cradle of quartz mining 9 — Oregon and Washington, gold and silver . . 76,000,000 

in the United States, and its pioneers in that industry carved 10 — New Mexico, gold and silver 46,000,000 

out a record in production never equaled in the world. Its In the year igoi, Nevada ranked eighth of the gold- 
engineers achieved success in the face of apparently insur- producing States, and fifth of the 14 silver-producing States, 
mountable obstacles and crystalized and perfected economic In the same year, of the 44 gold-producing countries of the 
methods which became new criteria for the industry on all world, Nevada's position was twelfth, and of the 26 silver- 
parts of the globe. producing countries of the world, Nevada stood eighth. In 
Later, there supervened years of depression. Many of 1902 her position was even more flattering. Although only 
the mines were abandoned ; many were believed to be worked convalescing from a long period of suspended production, 
out; others were closed because the ores had become impov- her position was eighth of the 19 gold-producing States, 
erished and would not yield a profit after paying reduction and fifth of the 21 in silver production. In the same year, 

[32] 



of the 22 countries of the world reported, her rank in produc- 
tion of gold was eleventh; in silver, seventh of 15 countries. 

It is only recently that some of the captains of mining 
finances have again turned their attention to Nevada. The 
State is now feeling the thrill of renewed vigor. New and 
important mineral discoveries have lately been made, while 
old properties, particularly the Comstock, are being rejuven- 
ated, and are again beginning to produce. Others, which 
were believed to have been worked out, are, as so often hap- 
pens, again yielding merchantable ores. 

Nevada, perhaps more than any other State, will become 
responsive to this latter condition. Many of the mines were 
worked in the days when reduction costs were much higher 
than they are today, and when the percentage of saving 
was lower. Those two rebellious facts alone have put limita- 
tions upon a large number of mines throughout the State. 
But they are no longer existent. The science of metallurgy 
has so far progressed, both in the saving of high percentages 
and in reduced cost of reduction, that ore bodies which a 
few years ago were not merchantable can be mined today 
at a good profit. This is peculiarly so in the semi-argentif- 
erous mines. 

Heretofore, in considering possible future conditions at 
depth, they had been correlated with, and measured by, the 
past bonanza conditions which existed in the days when 
the upper oxidized and enriched zones were working, with 
the result that too many properties were totally abandoned 
or turned over to the small leasers who of necessity could 
only gouge out the richer lenses near the surface, while the 
virgin horizons below water level were allowed to languish. 

In many of the mining States in Mexico, old, abandoned 
mines have proved veritable bonanzas when properly worked. 
The writer recalls a number of properties in different parts 
of this State which lie idle today because of this fact. He 
believes that no small part of the future production will be 
derived from such mines, and that this is a phase of exploita- 



tion which will profitably engage capital. Indeed, this prop- 
osition has been within the last few months undertaken in 
several conspicuous instances. At the same time, however, 
such a proposition cannot, of course, be laid down as a funda- 
mental one in all instances, but a careful study of the indi- 
vidual cases will, it is sure, prove the wisdom of many a 
proposed rejuvenation. 

The well-known camps of Tonopah and Goldfields which 
have produced bonanza values from the grass roots, promise 
to be not only great camps, but to become as well centers of 
large and diversified mining districts. 

The western and southwestern tier of counties, comprising 
Washoe, Storey, Ormsby, Lyon, Douglas, Esmeralda, Nye 
and Lincoln, have perhaps been more fully prospected than 
other parts of the State, although the latter three have been 
but indifferently scratched. These counties comprise a strip 
of territory lying parallel to and all practically within one 
hundred miles or less of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. 

This topographic fact is of special significance. Out 
of the eastern slope of these mountains a number of large 
perennial streams pour down into the Nevada plateau. These 
streams are susceptible of being harnessed, and their power 
converted into electric energy. One hundred, or even two 
hundred, miles are today in the light of recent practise not 
a prohibitive distance for the transmission of power. One 
such plant is already in operation furnishing power to a 
profitable market, while others are projected. Those coun- 
ties, therefore, enjoy inherent potentialities of exceptional 
value which appeal profoundly to the miner, for they mean 
cheap power, a consequent reduction in the cost of mining 
and milling, increased profits and enlarged fields of pro- 
ductiveness. 

Heretofore, cheap power has been regarded as rather a 
remote possibilitv, due more to the lack of cheap trans- 
portation and the absence of native fuel. The hydro-electric 
engineer has erased that embargo. 



[33] 



As for cheap transportation, the writer beUeves that 
that desideratum will be promptly and fully supplied from 
time to time as conditions demand, just as it has been in 
other States. A strong mining company always has it within 
its power to reach a solution of such a problem. The South- 
ern Pacific Railway Company occupies the territory almost 
exclusively, and complaint of prohibitive tariffs is sometimes 
heard. But this is more theoretical than real. If there 
have been cases of hardship, they have perhaps been due 
more to the fact that that great system has been engrossed 
in ameliorating conditions in other more active territory. 
It is due, perhaps, not so much to a determination not to 
foster mining as to the fact that the railway company has 
been wholly engaged in meeting the demand of other indus- 
tries elsewhere along its lines. To be sure, the northern and 
Colorado roads have been very active in fostering mining, 
but with them mining has been a larger producer of traffic. 
Many instances are recalled wherein the management has 
been prompt in meeting untoward conditions .and guarantee- 
ing the most liberal encouragement. 

The apparent absence of water in some districts has been 
perhaps improperly considered a bane to profitable mining. 
This, too, like transportation, has proven to be more imag- 
inary than real. The true hydrographic conditions are not 
understood, or perhaps have not been fully investigated. 
Several pipe lines destined to supply remote districts have 
been projected and built. Conspicuous amongst them are 
the Virginia and Gold Hill and the Candelaria lines. If any 
of the projected works have failed in being financed, it is due 
rather to a moral than physical equation — a lack, perhaps, 
of the community-of-interest idea, a common and pernicious 
doctrine in new camps. Certainly such lines are not imprac- 
ticable, nor unworthy of investments. 

At the Coolgardie mines in Western Australia water was 
the sine qua non. A thirty-inch pipe line, 328 miles long, 
was built to the nearest pennanent supply. This is the 



longest supply line in the world. Without it, the mines are 
worthless, unconverted and inactive assets; with it, they 
were treasure stores, negotiable and gilt-edged. 

As heretofore suggested, local hydrographic conditions 
are not understood in many districts. They will bear careful 
investigation. Supplies can, it is almost sure, be developed. 
The bottom of many synclines will no doubt yield an abun- 
dance of artesian water from reasonable depths. One such 
was developed last year in Inyo County, California, where 
the environment was apparently forbidding. The conditions 
there were similar, indeed, both geologically and hydro- 
graphically, to conditions in some of the Southern Nevada 
districts. 

Power, water and transportation are therefore invest- 
ments of the near future which will be inviting and profit- 
able. Considered as auxiliary or independent organizations 
to the mining companies, they will become the open sesames 
to many of the otherwise unprofitable districts. Indeed, 
they are the real impediment which today hamper the fullest 
development in many localities. 

While all of the preceding facts exercise an important 
influence in the development of the State, perhaps the most 
salient and directly applicable consideration pertains to its 
economic geology. 

It may be laid down as a basic principle that by far the 
largest percentage of the nobler metals has been derived 
either from the eruptive rocks or from other formations 
which have sustained regional changes due to the presence 
of igneous bodies. The mines of the Mississippi Valley may 
be noted as perhaps the only noteworthy exception to this 
rule. There can be but small question that there is a genetic 
relation between the association of metalliferous veins and 
eruptive rocks. The greatest producer in Mexico and the 
greatest producer in Nevada is each enclosed in identical 
formations. The same class of rocks predominate in at 
least all of Western Nevada. 



[34] 



These, then, are the conditions and the "formations" 
in which experience has amply proven ore veins are most 
commonly found. Whatever may have been the particular 
dynamic fact which created the fissures, the hydrochemical 
agents seem usually to have been present in sufficient quan- 
tities to fill the voids with silicious material and metallic 
ores. By far the larger part of Nevada is composed of erup- 
tive rocks. Amongst them it is therefore logical to look 
for ore veins. The prospector knows that his so-called 
"porphyry" has enclosed many of the great mines of the 
country, and is still revealing their treasures; and upon that 
proposition, without always knowing the real reason, other 
than that of analogy, he predicates his future work. He is 
inclined, and rightly, to leave the more sterile formations 
to the other fellow. He is cognizant of the fact that ore is 
wherever he finds it, but he justly believes he is likely to 
make more profitable discoveries in or near to the eruptives. 

It is generally true, particularly of Western Nevada, 
that the primary rocks which form the great basement floor 
were pushed up and crumpled into long, sweeping corruga- 
tions. The summits or inclines, being the region of greatest 
tension, became fissured and faulted most. These because 
the lines of greatest weakness and the avenues out of which 
the great volcanic flows escaped, sometimes overflowing in 
comparatively gentle floods, and in other instances bursting 
forth in violent eruptions, after the manner of the typical 
volcano, always at work, however, upbuilding the topography. 
Again, vulcanism, perhaps subsiding into a quiescent state, 
or still later once more overflowing the landscape, charged 
the air with stifling gases, volcanic ash, and blinding smoke. 
As the volcanic agents became again inactive, and the igneous 
mass underwent final cooling, the forces of contraction 
created faults, cracks and fissures not onlv within the erup- 
tive mass but as well in the underlying primaries, which, 
as cooling still continued, began slowly to fill with metallic 
oxides and sulphides. The material from which the ores 



and vein fillings were made was carried up through those 
fissures in the form of hot aqueous solutions. 

It was a characteristic of ore genesis under such condi- 
tions that, after the volcanic outbreaks had ceased, the hot 
solutions rose along such avenues as the dynamic forces 
had created, and then by virtue of the well-known law, 
reduced temperature and pressure, deposited or let down 
their mineral lode. 

Perhaps later, spasmodic and final eruptions buried the 
surface, hiding the newly formed veins from view; and at 
last much of this new outflow was eroded and washed away, 
thus bringing the veins again into view, and leaving their 
apices much as we find them today. 

In some parts of the territory in question during the 
season of volcanic rest, and near the end of the eruptive 
period when the air was charged with moisture, lakes formed. 
Showers of pumice and ash intermittently fell, and these, 
together with the erode materials from the everchanging 
surface, accumulated to form layers of sand, mud and peb- 
bles. In the lakes lived millions of infusoria, small micro- 
scopic shells, which accumulated in vast quantities. Many 
of these accumulations are today of economic value and are 
mined and marketed as infusorial or diatomaceous earth. 

The profound faulting and blocking of the mineral zones 
and the deep-seated sources of the metallic ores, derived 
as they largely were from a primary and not a secondary 
source, presuppose deep, extensive and merchantable ore 
bodies, and bespeak, consequently, a prosperous, productive 
and long-lived future for the mines. 

In the event of the last analysis is logically that there 
is now found this important and economic fact, — that almost 
this whole region is replete in those varieties of eruptive and 
volcanic rocks in which ore veins exist. 

These are the criteria upon which may be based the 
assertion that Nevada is as inviting today as it was in the 
'70's when the eyes of the world were upon her. 



[35] 



Lumber Industry. 

Charles Gullii\(.. 

TAKING the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada 
Mountains as a western boundary, there is a 
vast territory of timber lands whose only present 
marketable outlet is through the N. C. O. Rail- 
road at Reno, Nevada, Verdi Lumber Co. Rail- 
road at Verdi, Nevada, I3oca & Loyalton Railroad at Boca, 
Cal., Hobart Mills Railroad and the Lake Tahoe Railroad 
at Truckee, Cal., all these points being on the main line of 



the Southern Pacific Railroad. Sierra, Nevada, and Plumas 
Counties, in California, are noted for their valuable forests 
of white pine and spruce. This great timber body has 
scarcely been touched up to the present time, there having 
heretofore been no means of transportation to profitably 
reach the markets of the world either east or west, but since 
the advent of these railroads a great impetus has been given 
to the lumbering industry in this entire section. The old 
circular sawmills of small capacities have been superseded by 
new and modern band-saw mills of greater capacities ; be- 
sides, many new ones have been added. 

The demand for the product of these mills has been steadily 




BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF HORTON BROS., ROBERTS. AND CALIFORNIA WHITE PINE LUMBER COMPANIES, LOVALTON 



increasing, and much of the higher grades, owing to its 
superior quality, find ready sale in markets east of the Mis- 



.:./3ftK>-: :'.,;.-■ ' • 




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RENO MILL AND LUMBER CO. MILL AT LOYALTON 

souri River. The lower grades are manufactured into pack- 
ing box material and used in home consumption. 

Plumas County is particularly rich in its tiinber products, 
especially so in its superior white and sugar pine, being of a 
soft and fine grain, and clear boards can easily be sawn up 
to 48 inches wide. Probably no other pine lumber section 
of the country can excel or even equal this either in the 
quantity per acre or the quality of its material. Up to the 
present time over three hundred thousand acres of timber 
have been taken under the government acts in Plumas County 
alone, and recently in one year one hundred thousand .acres 



were taken. The several mills supplied by these forests 
are located as follows: 

At Loyalton, the California White Pine Mills, with a 
yearly output of twelve million feet, and a box factory of 
same capacity. This company employs about 135 men in 
its timber and sawmill. The mill is modern in every respect. 
Being recently built it has all the latest improved machinery, 
and is what is known as a single-band sawmill. 

The Horton Brothers' Mill has all the modem improve- 
ments in sawmill machinery in the way of steam feed, rollers, 
steam turners, etc., and has a capacity of 60,000 feet per 
day. Wages paid range from $2.50 to $6 per day, and one 
hundred men are employed in logging camps, mills and yard. 

The Roberts Lumber Co. Mill is the only double-band 
sawmill located at this place. It has only been recently 
built, and is an up-to-date mill in every respect, with a ca- 
pacitv of 150,000 feet per day. 






PLUMAS BU.\ AND LUMBER CO. AT LOYALTON 

The Plumas Box and Lumber Company's box factory 
has been three years in operation, and has a capacity of 
12,000,000 feet per year in box shocks. The material for 



[37] 



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kh.Nc) Mll.l. AM) LUMHKK COM^'A^■^ \AKI>S A I KI.No 



this factory is supplied from the surplus of lower grades of 
the output of four mills, and is owned and operated by the 
owners of these mills. Wages paid range from $2.30 to $5 
per day, and the number of employes about forty the year 
round. This plant also supplies power for the Loyalton 
Electric Light Co., a corporation capitalized at $50,000. 
It furnishes the light for the mills and town. 

The Turner Box Factory employs a number of men, and 
has only been recently built. It has all the latest machinery 
and manufactures the product of its own mill into building 
and box material. 



The Reno Mill & Lumber Co. Mill is a single-band saw- 
mill with modern improvements, steam feed, steam ttirners, 
etc. Capacity is 60,000 feet per day. Almost the entire 
output of this mill is shipped to Reno, Nevada, where the 
company's yards and planing-mill are located. During the 
summer months this company employs about one hundreJ 
and twenty-five men in its mill, logging-camps, planing- 
mill and yards. 

All of these mills have large supply ponds for logs capable 
of holding sufficient logs to run the mills early in the spring 
before logging can profitably be done. Loyalton Creek 



[38] 



supplies sufficient water for ponds and other7iPurposes. The 
logs supplying all these mills are brought from the timber 
belt mentioned above by the Boca and Loyalton Railroad, 
and many trains may be seen daily crossing Sierra Valley 
to the north and south heavily laden with logs. The mills 
are permanently located in the town of Loyalton, and the 
plan is to extend the railroads into the forests as fast as same 
are cut, thus centralizing the manufacturing interests at 
Loyalton, thereby not necessitating the moving of expensive 
plants as the timber is being cut off. Contracts were made 
by these mills with the Boca & Loyalton Railroad to deliver 
logs for a tenn of years before they were located; in fact, 
this was a part of the plan before the road was built into this 
section, and the plan has proven to be mutually beneficial 
in many ways to all concerned. 

The Verdi Lumber Co. Mill is located at Verdi, Nevada, 
and is a new and modern-built mill in every respect, — band 
saws, steam turners, steam feed, etc. Its capacity is 60,000 
feet per day, and the logs are supplied by its own road. This 
company has a box factory in connection with its mill, and 
all under grades like those of other mills are manufactured 
into packing-box material. 

The Truckee Lumber Co. Mill, located at Truckee, Cal., 
is a new double-band sawmill with modem improvements. 
The logs are brought from the shores of Lake Tahoe over 
the Lake Tahoe Railroad. They have a box factory in con- 
nection, and employ a great many men in the woods, factory 
and mill. 

The Hobart Mills, located six miles from Truckee, trans- 
ports its products over its own railroads to that place. This 
is a double-band sawmill, and was the first double mill erected 
in this section. It has a capacity of 150,000 feet per day; 
modern in every respect. A box factory and planing-mill 
is run in connection with this mill. The little town of Hobart 
Mills is beautifully laid out, and is a complete little town 
within itself, — store, schools, postoffice, shops, etc. 



There are many other smaller mills located in different 
parts of this section, but space will not permit of more than 
passing notice. On the west side of Sierra Valley are located 
Turner Brothers Mill, Totten Mill, Noee & Ramelli Mill. 
On the Boca & Lovalton Railroad, Boca White Pine Co. 




ROBERTS LUMBER CO. MILL AT LOYALTON 

Mill, Merrill Valley Mill and Wheeler's Mill. Davies Broth- 
ers' Mill at Truckee, and J. C. Knickrem Mill at Mohawk, Cal. 
In the development of this section too much credit cannot 
be given for the farsightedness of Captain Roberts and the 
Lewis Brothers, who have made it possible in building the 
Boca & Loyalton Railroad to develop one of the finest timber 
belts in the West. At seeming impossibilities and opposition 
they have struggled on and have suceeded, and the road is 
more than meeting the most sanguine expectations, and 
added to the lumbering business a great traffic in agricul- 



[39] 



tural products and live stock has sprung up. Active work 
was begun on this road from Boca, CaHfornia, in 1899, and 
was completed to Lewis Mill, fourteen miles, in January, 
1900, and in July of the same year was completed to Loyal- 
ton, twenty-six miles, and was the occasion of a national day 
celebration, July 4th. In the fall of 
the same year it was completed to 
Beckwith, making in all forty miles 
of road. It is now being built along 
the middle fork of the Feather River, 
several miles beyond. The road is 
well equipped and well managed. It 
is a success, a well-merited reward 
for the enterprise of its promoters. 

LOYALTON. 

Loyalton is beautifully situated 
on the eastern slope of the Sierra 
Nevada Mountains, and on the south 
edge of Sierra Valley at an elevation 
of s,ooo feet above the sea level. 
The old town of Loyalton was built 
nearly a half-century ago, and for 
many years a hotel and store com- 
posed the principal part of the town, 
but an awakening took place, — new 
life sprung up upon the advent of 

the Boca & Loyalton Railroad. At scene u.\ boc.\ and 

that time the population of the town was scarcely one hun- 
dred and fifty people ; now there is a population of something 
like fifteen hundred. Loyalton enjoys the distinction of being 
the only prohibition town in Northern California and Nevada, 
and no gambling-houses are permitted. Singularly there has 
not been a criminal prosecution or an occasion for one for 
three years, except for violations of the anti-liquor law, and in 
these cases a conviction always resulted. In every election 




the people have overwhelmingly supported this law. This con- 
dition has resulted in an tmusually prosperous community, 
and many working men have built their own homes within 
the last three years. Besides the several sawmills and box 
factories, many buildings have been erected, among them 
being a splendid school building of six 
rooms at a cost of $15,000, a Baptist 
church costing $6,000, a Methodist 
church costing $4,000, Masonic Hall 
at a cost of $6,000, besides numerous 
residences costing from $1,000 to $6,- 
000 each. 

There are three hotels in the town, 
all doing a good business ; many larger 
places are not so well supplied, nor do 
they have better accommodations. 

The Sierra Hotel, near the railroad 
depot, has forty rooms, and has been 
recently refitted throughout. It is 
splendidly located, is homelike, and 
one can rest assured of the best of 
treatment. 

The Loyalton House is located on 
the main street, near the center of the 
town; is well fitted up with nice rooms. 
The management is accommodating, 
and is doing a thriving business. 
LovALToN KoALi The Kcys is a new hotel. Good 

accommodations, good board, and good treatment of patrons 
have made this hotel popular with the public. 

The town has a splendid water system, supplied from 
pure mountain springs and several artesian wells. It has 
good streets and a good electric light system. 

The winters are mild and the summers cool and generally 
very healthy, a most modern appearing little town where 
one might wish to make a home. 



[+°] 



Important Facts. 

CAPITALISTS seeking investments in irrigation enter- 
prises, or good locations for the planting of colo- 
nies, have sought them in each of the other States 
and Territories of Western America, until the 
best opportunities existing there have been taken. 
While the people of other States and Territories have been 
searching out and advertising to the investing and home- 
seeking world their varied and abundant resources of soil, 
water and climate, no concerted effort has been made to 
show that Nevada possesses like possibilities, and that she 
has within her borders a hundred such valleys as the San 
Luis in Colorado, or the Jordan in Utah, which even today 
are begging for occupants, while more than one of ours can 
boast a semi-tropical climate equal to that of the Santa Ana 
in Southern California, in which lie the famous orange groves 
of Riverside, Redlands and Ontario. 

What finer opportunity exists in this broad land for the 
development of colonization enterprises than exist in this 
State in the various valleys of the Humboldt River and its 
tributaries, or on the Carson, Walker, Ouin, Truckee, Owyhee 
or Virgin Rivers? Where can be found richer soils, coupled 
with better and more easily handled water supplies? There 
is today no better field in the United States for the invest- 
ment of capital or possibilities for the homeseeker than 
Nevada affords. The Chamber of Commerce would advise 
all who come here to make a home, not to come here unless 
they can command sufficient means for their support for the 



first year and are able and willing to work. To all such 
success can be depended upon. 

The cost of living in any part of Nevada is as low as any 
portion of the United States, all other things equalized, and 
employment is readily obtained at good wages. Steady and 
industrious mechanics or laborers can usually find positions 
and employment, and at good wages. 

The following table will give a seeker of information a 
good idea of wages paid in our State; 

Mine foreman per day $ 5 . oo to $ 8 . 00 

Miners per day 3 . 00 to 4 . 00 

Mine laborers per day 3 . 00 to 3 ■ 50 

Farmhands per month 30.00 to 40.00 

Ordinary laborers per day 2 . 00 to 2.50 

Blacksmiths per day 4 . 00 to 6 . 00 

Carpenters per day 3 . 00 to 4 . 00 

Physicians per visit 2 . 00 to 2.50 

Machinists per day 4 . 00 to 6 . 00 

Bookkeepers per month 50.00 to 150.00 

Clerks per month 40 . 00 to 1 50 . 00 

Paperhangers per day 4 . 00 to 5 • 00 

Painters per day 4 . 00 to 5 • 00 

Plumbers per day 4 . 00 to 6 . 00 

Boilermakers per day 4.00 to 6.00 

Teamsters per month, with board 50.00 to 80.00 

Wood per cord 5 . 00 to 6 . 00 

Lumber, rough, per 1,000 16 .00 

Board per week 3 . 50 to 5 . 00 

House rent 15.00 to 25.00 

(Per month for 4 to 6 rooms) 



International Correspondence Schools, Scranton, Pa. 



Vou stiidv in spare time. 
Write tor Catalogue. 



750,000 students. 



No books to buv. 



iSmal! costs — gooJ results. 



S.AN FRANCISCO OFFICE: ijii M.ARK.ET SI'. 



[41 ] 



The Douglas County Creamery Company. 

THE Douglas County Creamery Co. was organized 
on March 24, 1893, on the co-operation plan, by 
forty farmers of Carson Valley as stockholders, 
with a capital of $15,000, and elects its officers 
annually. The present officers are: F. Hell- 
winkel, president; M. Jepsen, first vice-president; M. Chris- 
tensen, second vice-president; A. Hansen, secretary; and F. 
Hise, treasurer, who manage the general affairs of the com- 
pany. 

The creamery is located in one of the finest and best 
dairy sections in the State — namely, Carson Valley, Douglas 
County. The building is the most carefully constructed 
on the Coast, and was planned by Mr. C. C. Merrick, an ex- 
perienced creamery man, who has the management of the 
plant, and who also equipped it with the machinery. 

The building consists of one engine room with one 15 
horse-power engine, one boiler with a capacity of 30 horse- 
power, and three pumps for hoisting water; one separator 
room with six separators; one cream and churn room with 
two combined churns and workers ; one work room ; one tem- 
porary storage room for butter, and one cold storage room, 
all these rooms having cement floors. The milk receiving-vat 
and weighing rooms are placed on a higher platform from 
the separator room, and convenient for unloading the milk 
cans. The creamery receives daily from the present eighty- 
three patrons about 35,000 pounds of milk, and these patrons 
receive monthly the highest possible price for their milk. 
From the above amount of milk there is daily manufactured 
from 1,400 to 1,500 pounds of butter by an experienced 
butter-maker. 

The Douglas County Creamery butter has a record which 
is hard to beat, is in great demand in Nevada as well as in 
California, and is shipped to foreign countries on account of 



its keeping qualities, and in 1894 received the Gold Medal 
for the finest butter exhibited at the Midwinter International 
Exposition. There is no other creamery on the Coast that 
pays more money to their patrons than the Douglas County 
Creamery Company, nor is there another creamery in the 
State that was so successful as the Douglas County Creamery, 
having been operating from the day of its starting up to the 
present time without closing down one day. 

The patrons are allowed to take away fifty per cent of 
the milk they deliver in skim milk at a nominal price for 
dairy use at home, the balance of the skim milk being retained 
and given to hogs kept by the company and sold by the car- 
loads twice a month. Those hogs are bought by the company 
from their patrons at the highest market price, which is very 
convenient for them to find always a ready market for their 
hogs. In fact, the Douglas County Creamery Company is 
a very beneficial institution for Carson Valley, distributing 
every month from $10,000 to $12,000 among the farmers, 
and helping to build up the valley, which has a bright future. 



SUBSCRIBE FOR THE 

GOLDFIELD REVIEW 

PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY AT 
COLUMBIA, GOLDFIELD MINING DISTRICT, NEVADA 

T. D. VANDEVORT, Proprietor 

I One year $i-°o 

Subscription Rates < six months z-5o 

f Three months 1-^5 

Subscriptions paij in money orders should be made payable at Goldfield 
or Butler postoffices. 



[4^] 




BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF CARSON CITY— NEVADA'S CAPITAL 



o 



RVLS RING is probably the oldest teacher connected 
with the schools of Nevada, and is still performing 
active duties in the educational line. 

He was bom at Starkesborough, Addison 
County, Vermont, July 21, 1833. At the age of 8 
years, Orvis Ring moved with his parents 
to Canton, St. Lawrence County, New York. 
After residing there for three years, the fam- 
ily moved to Wisconsin, thence to McHenr)- 
County, Illinois. From McHenry County the 
family drifted to Du Page County, where 
Orvis Ring attended school for two months 
in the year. When the Illinois Institute, 
later Wheaton College, was established at 
Wheaton, Du Page County, Illinois, which 
is located twenty-five miles west of Chicago, 
Orvis Ring entered as a student. 

By teaching the district schools in winter, 
and working in the harvest and hayfields in 
the summer, he finally succeeded in graduat- 
ing on July 4, i860, with six other young 
men, four of whom became preachers. 

While a student in college, Orvis Ring 
frequently taught classes of different kinds, 
and after graduating taught in the village 
of Wheaton. Early in the spring of 1861, 
he, in company with two other young men, 
started for California, which they finally 
reached after being nearly five months on the road. With 
only a dollar and a half left, he had to go to work, and the 
first was cutting cordwood in Vaca Valley. While here, he 
took the teachers' examination at Fairfield. Going to Stock- 
ton, the first of September, 1862, he was importuned to try 
and get a school to teach, and going to Woodbridge, secured 
the school at that place, and again took the teachers' exami- 
nation and again secured a certificate. 




After teaching the Woodbridge school for a year, he crossed 
the Sierras on horseback to Washoe and Virginia City, and 
after a few days continued on to Austin, Lander County. 
Returning from Austin to Virginia City, he worked in the 
Potosie Mine for a few months, and then was offered the 
school at Ophir, in Washoe Valley, where he 
had a school of over 40 pupils. This school, 
at the time, was the most advanced of any 
in the Territory. Until February, 1867, he 
taught the Ophir school, and then went to 
Washoe City, and for a year and a half 
taught that school, enrolling over one hun- 
dred pupils of all ages, from six years to 
twenty-one. During the summer of 1867 
he was deputy county assessor. In the sum- 
mer of 1868 he went to Columbia, Tuol- 
umne County, California, and for a year was 
liookkeeper for the U. S. Grant Mining Com- 
pany, but quit that and went to San Joa- 
quin County, near Lockford, and engaged in 
farming. The crop dried up, and again he 
was forced to go to teaching, in order to 
pay his debts. 

In the summer of 1871 he received a 
"call" to return to Nevada, and commenced 
teaching at Reno on September 11, 1871, 
having but one assistant. 

As he commenced teaching in Nevada in 
1863, he thinks he is the oldest teacher in the State. In 1872 
he was elected county superintendent of schools for Washoe 
County, and again in 1874. 

Although over 70 years of age, he is as much interested 
in the education and training of the young as at any period 
of his life, although an old bachelor. 

He is a fraternal man, being a 32° Mason, a K. of P., and 
an Elk. 



[44] 




INDIAN SCHtJlH. 



U. S. MINT 



POSTOFFICE ANU tOlKTHDlSE 
STATE CAPITOL, CARSON CITY 



Fishing Interests. 

J. p. Morrill. 

WHILE Nevada is known to have a small water area, 
she is known to have one of the grandest, the 
queen of mountain streams, "The Truckee 
River." This stream is abounding with the rain- 
bow trout, and it affords the most favorable 
conditions for their growth and reproduction. We are so 
situated that we derive a vast benefit from the artificial 
plantings of fish that have been made in this stream by Cali- 
fornia, through the stream rising under their jurisdiction and 
flowing through ours. The rainbow trout are not indigenous 
to the waters of our State, but they have been very success- 
fully introduced into the Truckee and Humboldt Rivers. 
Into the former they were introduced eighteen years ago, 
where they are now the dominating fish and are known to 
attain a weight of twelve to fifteen pounds, trout of this size 
and specie having been taken by anglers. 

The Truckee River is famous among the Pacific Coast 
anglers, and is fast becoming a sportsman's paradise. 

The Humboldt River, over three hundred miles in length, 
while not altogether held as a trout stream, has a few trout 
of the rainbow specie in the headwaters. The writer is en- 
deavoring to have the large-mouthed black bass introduced 
into this stream, and should his project be carried out, which 
there is every indication that it will be (the Board of County 
Commissioners of Humboldt County being very favorably 
disposed toward assisting the work through), since the Cali- 
fornia Fish Commission have very kindly offered us a stock- 
ing of these fish, we look forward to see the Humboldt abound- 
ing with that healthful and nutritious food — the black bass. 
In addition to this fish serving as a food supply for the many 
thousands of people within our State, and also outside, it 
will frequent the waters of the Humboldt River for more 



than two hundred miles, and will draw sportsmen to Nevada 
from far and near. 

The Carson River is also a trout-producing stream today, 
the lower portion, however, having been denuded of trout 
owing to deleterious chemicals which have been discharged 




FOUR HOURS' C.'^TCH FROM THE TRUCKEE RIVER 

into its waters. Could our Legislature once more create an 
office of Fish Commission and allow an adequate appropria- 
tion for the artificial propagation of fishes adapted to the 
different streams of our State, the Carson River, like many 



[46] 



other smaller water courses of our State, could be replen- 
ished. This river, with its glorious tributaries from the Al- 
pine hills, should be a sportsman's paradise, instead of a 
barren and unproductive trout stream. Pyramid Lake, with 
its hundreds of miles of water area, once produced a bountiful 
supply of the "Salmo Mykiss" trout. It is hardly percep- 
tible that such a vast body of water could have been so easily 
robbed of her formerly abundant supply of trout. The run 
of fish up the Truckee River, which is the only tributary of 
any importance to "Pyramid," is nothing compared to what 
it used to be some ten to fifteen years ago ; thus we can readily 
see that the time is near at hand when the native trout will 
cease to reach us other than through the hands of fishermen 
on the lake. Winnemucca Lake, known as Mud Lake, has 
ceased to furnish us with a supply of trout, which was once 
abounding in the same. Walker Lake and River, which were 
once so productive of trout, have been taken by the carp, 
which is now the dominating fish. 

The large-mouthed bass would be excellent fish for introduc- 
tion into these waters; should they be introduced therein, the 
carp would soon be placed among the creatures "that were." 
Throughout our State we have many small lakes and 
streams that are capable of producing some sort of trout 
life, which are barren and sterile of fish. 

The fact that pisciculture is far ahead of agriculture is 
ver}' little understood. An acre of water is capable of pro- 
ducing far more than an acre of ground if it be tilled with 
equal intelligence. That more people are not engaged in the 
work of private fishery is no doubt due to lack of knowledge 
on the part of the public. 

"On the 'Truckee's' banks, with rod in hand. 

The springing Rainbow, in speckled pride, 

The Salmon, monarch of the tide. 

Devolving from thy parent lake. 

Make anglers merry, eager and wait. 

By bowers of green and groves of pine." 



Lovelock, Nevada 



The illustration below shows one of the neatest, one of the 
best equipped and most completely stocked stores, in the 
special lines that it handles, that is to be found in Nevada, 
and comprises two departments, conducted exclusively for 
its men and women customers respectiveh'. In the Men's 
Department may be had anything constituting men's ap- 
parel, including a large and exclusive line of shoes. In the 
Women's Department is shown a full and select line of dry 
goods and women's furnishings. Everything for men and 
boys, women and girls. 



Jj.A.M;iHTOSa^ 



HHE D EPARTM ENT -STORED 
X DHV GOODS. me:^s r I ijNisHixds. ' 





[47] 



Transportation. 

J. M. Fulton. 

TRANSPORTATION is the burning question of the 
age in every country on the globe. It is the key 
to the situation in every human enterprise. By 
the development of effective lines of transporta- 
tion which wrap the earth, England has reached 
the summit of historic glory and power, while neglect has 
placed her Titanic rival, Russia, at the mercy of Japan, the 
voungest of the nations. Turkey is in distress, and the peace 
of Europe is threatened because an extensive area in that 
part of the world is destitute even of wagon roads, and the 
hills are full of brigands, who rob and kidnap as securely as 
they did two thousand years ago. 

Modern methods produce so cheaply that the products 
of every part of the world are open to every other part, pro- 
vided the means of transportation are ample and the country 
that produces the most desirable merchandise grows rich the 
fastest, if it can get into the great channels that lead up to 
the world's wholesale markets. It is not the wares that are 
shipped into a State, but what goes out that enriches it. 

The country that produces and sells gets wealthy in pro- 
portion to the prudence its people show in saving the results 
of their industry, instead of spending it for luxuries and deli- 
cacies which must come from the outside. 

Charges on commodities into a State count for but little, 
for the charge is distributed in fractions so small that each 
one whom it touches hardly feels it. A suit of clothes costs 
from fifteen to sixty dollars, but the highest freight would 
not amount to more than twenty or twenty-five cents. A 
hat that costs from two to five dollars, even with the charges 
on the cases, could not use up more than five or six cents 
for freight in getting from the factory to the wearer's head. 



It is the same with dresses, boots, shoes, with tea and coffee, 
with sugar and all sorts of supplies. 

Even with farm machinery, wagons, etc., the freight is 
paid but once, while the machine lasts for years; but the 
crops which grow on the soil, the lumber made in the mill, 
the ores taken from the mine, the wool sheared twice a year 
from the sheep, and the beef sold every winter, go out so 
rapidly and regularly and are in such keen competition with 
the products of every other part of the world, that the ques- 
tion of rates may turn the scale between profit and loss. 

A family can cut down expenses and save shipping goods 
in, but a business man cannot be successful if he is hampered 
in getting what he has to sell into the markets in reasonable 
time and at reasonable rates. 

These conditions are found everywhere that men have 
made their homes, and they appl}' with more than ordinary 
force to the man who lives -in Nevada. This State has no 
water transportation; it is a world by itself shut in by im- 
mense ranges of mountains on every side, — mountains so 
high and rugged that they were considered impassable half 
a centurv ago. It seemed to our forefathers that no one but 
the Indian, the hunter and the trapper could ever make a 
living here, but thanks to the genius of American enterprise 
railroads have been built over the summits, civilization has 
been established, and the fruit-grower, the farmer, the shep- 
herd and the miner pursue their several vocations with the 
security, confidence, comfort and greater profit in proportion 
to capital invested than in the older States or in Europe. 

It is not necessary to add that this state of affairs would 
be impossible without the existence of our extensive system 
of railroad transportation. The State of Nevada has the 
good fortune by a great trunk line of railroad to lie directly 
in the path of the greatest traffic in the world today, — a 
traffic that ebbs and flows between the old world and the 
new and between the occidental and oriental, a traffic that 
promises to develop to proportions of which no one even 



[48] 



dreamed five years ago. The shores of the Pacific are the 
seat of new and vast enterprise and development. Much of 
this traffic must and will pass our very doors, owing to the 
railroad which crosses the deserts and mountains of our 
State with grades, curvature and standard of general equip- 
ment that compare more than favorably with those of sys- 
tems in the comparatively level States of New England and 
the Ohio Valley. 

There are but few towns of equal population that are so 
well provided for in the way of transportation as Reno. Lo- 
cated as it is on the greatest one of all the overland railroads, 
the northern tenninus of the Virginia & Truckee Railroad 
with its connections, which extend over three hundred miles 
of the country south, and the terminus of the Nevada-Cali- 
fornia-Oregon Railway with its connections covering one 
hundred and eighty miles north, makes Reno the center of a 
population and country greater than that of any other town 
of its size on the Pacific Coast. 

Rates on the railroads that enter Reno, cost of construc- 
tion, maintenance and operation considered, are extremely 
low, and especially is this the case on the products of the 
soil. Wheat is taken to tide water at a rate of $5 per ton, 
baled hay at $2.80 per ton, potatoes and onions $4 per ton, 
apples $7.50 per ton, live stock, wool, honey, lumber, ore and 
other products are given lower rates than prevail for the 
same service in many of the eastern States. Population con- 
sidered, Nevada is given the best passenger service of any 
State in the Union. Three comfortable, yes, luxurious trains 
cross our entire State each way daily, and a special train 
each way every day between Reno and San Francisco. Stran- 
gers express surprise at the accommodations enjoyed by our 
people and the rates they get on their shipments. 

Mutual advantages result from hannony and confidence, 
and if the people of Nevada realize that the railroads are 
their friends and all work together for the upbuilding of the 
State, we will enjoy prosperity in the next twenty years be- 



yond the imagination of man to conceive. But one cannot 
build up if the other tears down. The interests of a commun- 
ity are homogeneous and not antagonistic. The lumber com- 
pany can hurt the drayman, the newspaper can hurt the 
bank, the politician can hurt the farmer if they quarrel, but 
there is no reason why they should do so any more than there 
is for the man who ships to be at issue with the railroads. 

A State cannot be made inviting to settlers without good 
railroads and fair accommodations. Nevada is not behind 
in this respect, and is indeed fortunate therein, as we have 
railroads reaching all points of importance and every one is 
solvent and reliable. They have resources equal to any 
probable demand. Only those who have lived along bank- 
rupt and broken down roads know what a blessing it is to 
have substantial service and capable management. 

The Nevada roads pay high wages to their employes, and 
consequently have the best men in the business, — men who 
make good citizens, men who feel secure in their positions 
because they know they are doing right, and know if they 
do right they are secure until old age overtakes them, when 
a pension is provided until death. 

On the railroads of Nevada everything is kept up to high 
standard, and as the country grows there is every assurance 
that the systems required will be created speedily and effect- 
ivelv. Especially is this the policy of the Harriman lines, and 
it is well to remember that one thoroughly first-class road 
will be of greater benefit to Nevada than if we had several 
slipshod, half-kept, half-supported railroads. 

THE TONOPAH MINER '""^:^::llZ'l^^^,^"'' 

DUNHAM & MORRIS 

Sam C. Dunham ----- Editor 

James Morris - - - Business Manager 

_ , . . ,, . , ( One year S5.00 Three months $1 . 50 

Subscriptions payable in advance- o. -t, , c* 1 

t^ ^ . ( Sl-c months 2.50 Single copies .10 

THE MINER'S PREDICTION: Two years from Railroad Day the annual production 
of the Tonopah District will be Twenty-Five Millions. 



[49] 



Public Schools. 

Professor J. E. Bray. 

NEVADA did not grow into Statehood as other com- 
monwealths have grown. A great mining discov- 
ery and the excitement attendant thereon, caused 
it to leap into Statehood, almost in a day, thous- 
ands of men coming in here from all parts of the 
globe, forming populous and thriving mining communities in 
the space of three or four years. Under ordinary circum- 
stances, the population would not have been considered 
sufficient to form a State, but the nation was then in the 
throes of the Civil War, and the aid of another loyal State 
was needed in the Congress of the United States. And so, 
for patriotic reasons, Nevada was hurried into Statehood. 

Fortunately the sturdy, intelligent, ambitious men who 
made up Nevada's early population were firm believers in 
public education. At the very outset, beside the corner 
grocery and blacksmith shop, there went up the church and 
the schoolhouse. In the three years of its territorial exis- 
tence schools were generously provided, supported exclus- 
ively by each community. When a State constitution was 
adopted, in 1864, provision was made for a comprehensive 
system of public education, including a State UniversitJ^ 
By 1867, systematic school legislation had been enacted and 
liberal provision made for schools in every part of Nevada. 

SCHOOL DISTRICTS. 

By a provision of law, "each village, town or incorporated 
city of this State" constitutes a school district: and other 
districts may be formed by the various Boards of County 
Commissioners, for the accommodation of the people when- 
ever or wherever the same are needed, upon application of 
five heads of families residing where a school is desired. This 
brings schools everywhere within easy reach of the homes of 
our people. 



FUNDS. 

The money for the support of the public schools comes 
from four sources: 

(a) A State school tax levied annually. (6) Interest on 
the Irreducible State School Fund (invested), (c) A county 
school tax. (d) Such special school taxes in each district as 
may, from time to time, be found necessary in order to main- 
tain a school at least six months each year. 

The Irreducible School Fund is now nearly $2,000,000, 
all of which is kept invested, much of it bearing six per cent 
interest per annum. From the State, through direct taxa- 
tion and interest on the Irreducible Fund, goes out to the 
various counties approximately $150,000 per year; and nearly 
$100,000 more is raised by direct taxation in the various 
counties. Thus about a quarter of a million dollars is dis- 
bursed annually for the education of Nevada's 10,000 public 
school children. It may safely be said that few States in 
the Union pay so much per capita for public education; and 
to this may he added, to the great honor of Nevada, that 
nowhere is money for the support of the public schools more 
willingly paid. 

TEACHERS. 

A very large proportion of Nevada's teachers have had 
collegiate or normal school training; the few who have not 
had such training are men and women with special aptitude 
for teaching, who have graduated from the best high schools, 
supplementing that education with such study and experi- 
ence that thev have often ranked among our very best teachers. 
Considering its sparsely settled condition and its long dis- 
tance from great educational centers, Nevada is most fortu- 
nate in having so intellectual and capable a body of men and 
women to instruct her children. With increasing population 
and better and cheaper means of transportation — all of which 
are assured to Nevada in the near future — will come profes- 
sional spirit and enthusiasm, more frequent teachers' conven- 



['50] 




LIBRARY AND SCHOOL BUILDINGS — RENO 



tions for consultation and careful study of school problems 
and conditions, so essential for the best results in public 
school work. 

SCHOOL TERMS. 

In the cities and villages throughout the State, the schools 
are kept open ten months in the year, and in most of the 
larger country districts for the same period. Each district 
must have at least six months of school, and the average in 
the country districts is nearly eight months. 

SCHOOL WORK. 

In all of the schools of the State, the common school 
branches are well taught, while music, drawing, and nature 
study receive attention in many of them. Physiology is 
quite generally taught. Many of the country schools under- 
take even high school work for the benefit of some ambi- 
tious pupils who desire to go to the university. Without 
passing upon the wisdom of such instruction in a mixed school 
taught by one teacher, I may say that a few bright girls and 
boys have thus been enabled to pass from country schools 
direct to college. 

In many of the larger towns, and notably in Reno, there 
are well graded schools with modern courses of study, with 
all the opportunities for education, including preparation for 
college or university, that may be fovmd in the regular courses 
of the larger cities of the Union. At Sparks, a village not 
yet a year old, situated about two and one-half miles east of 
Reno, is a fine illustration of Nevada educational energy and 
enterprise. The Board of School Trustees there, in confident 
anticipation of its great future, are already planning the erec- 
tion of a model school building, to be built of brick and to 
contain eight or ten rooms. They are arranging to open 
schools there in September, 1904, with an up-to-date school 
system, so that the people of the new town may have, from 
the beginning, the educational advantages that in the older 
towns have been the slow growth of years. 



To the good people of other States and Territories who 
may be thinking of coming to Nevada, let me say: Nevada's 
schools are not so good as her people would like to have them, 
not so good as they intend to make them ; but they are gen- 
erally in excellent condition, being presided over by most 
worthv men and women. 




ST. MARY'S SCHOOL, RENO 

In 1898 the spacious brick building on the corner of Wal- 
nut and Chestnut Streets, known as St. Mary's Convent, was 
opened by the Dominican Sisters as a non-sectarian boarding- 
school. 

The aim of the Sisters is to give young girls a solid 
Christian foundation, to fit them for higher education at the 
State University. Nothing is left undone to promote the 
comfort and health of the boarders who at present number 
thirty-five. 

Special attention is given to music in all its branches. 
Painting and needlework also receive due attention. 

Nor is the Parish school neglected. One hundred children 
of Reno are daily tutored in all the ordinary branches of 
education by the Dominican Sisters. 



[5^] 



Indian Training School, Carson City, Nev. 

C. H. Asbury, Superintendent. 

THIS school is situated three and one-half miles 
south of Carson City, Nevada, on the road leading 
to the Carson Valley. It was established in 1890, 
when the first building was erected and school was 
opened with a few pupils. The capacity and equip- 
ment have been increased gradually, until there are now 



needed, as attendance exceeds present capacity. The school 
is known locally as Stewart Institute, in honor of Senator 
Stewart, who has been instrumental in getting appropria- 
tions for its support and improvement. 

5 The pupils are generally as tractable, orderly and well- 
behaved as may be found in any school of equal size, and 
seemingly eager to improve their condition, learning their 
work and lessons as well and as readily as scholars of other 
nationalities. 




INDIAN TRAINING SCHOOL, 

some fifteen buildings, with an attendance of 270 pupils, 
boys and girls. They are given practical instructions in 
farming, carpentry, blacksmithing, shoe and harness work, 
tailoring and engineering; also in cooking, sewing and 
domestic work, besides the regular school-room work up to 
the eighth-year grade. 

The pupils are enrolled from Nevada and adjacent parts 
of California, the attendance being voluntary. The build- 
ings are being increased as fast as possible, and the room is 



CARSON CITY, NEVADA 

The superintendent has an able corps of teachers to 
assist him, who take great pride in the advancement made 
by their scholars. 

This school is supported wholly by the government, and 
all employees are under classified Civil Service. There have 
been four superintendents since the school began, Messrs. 
Gibson, Mead, Allen and Asbury, the latter being the present 
incumbent. 

The above cut shows but a small part of the present plant. 



[53] 



The State University. 

President Joseph E. Stubbs. 

THE Nevada State University at Reno is the head of 
the school system of the State. From kindergar- 
ten to university the student may go forward step 
by step. Its courses of study fill out and com- 
plete the courses of study in the common schools. 
When a student ascends the University Hill the doors of the 
university open wide to him if he has been faithful in the 
primary school, the grammar school and the high school. 

The requirements for admission to the Nevada State Uni- 
versity are the average requirements for admission to the 
eastern colleges. They are not quite so high as the require- 
ments at Stanford University or the University of California, 
for the reason that there are but few high schools in the State ; 
but they are sufficiently high to tax the capacity of the stu- 
dent for entrance. When a student has once gained admit- 
tance to the freshman class he finds himself under obligation 
to do the best work in the school which he has chosen, or 
failure is inevitable. 

It is the only institution of collegiate grade in the State, 
and offers courses of study equal in extent and completeness 
to those of better-known universities. For example, it has 
a course in liberal arts and science which for breadth and 
thoroughness is hardly excelled. All subjects are required 
in the freshman and sophomore years, while in the junior 
and senior the work is wholly elective and the student may 
confine his attention to one, two, or three subjects. 

The State Normal School is a department of the univer- 
sity. Those who have completed a high school course may 
give one entire year to pedagogical training, and then gradu- 
ate with a grammar grade diploma. Candidates for the high 
school diploma must take the four years of training pre- 
scribed by the College of Arts and Sciences. 



The School of Agriculture is a complete college course in 
agricultural science. There are at present few students in 
this course, but the future promises an increasing number 
inasmuch as the industries of agriculture, dairying and ani- 
mal husbandry are increasing in importance and value every 
year. 

The School of Domestic Arts and Science, which was in- 
troduced into the university two years ago in order to give 
the young women an opportunity for scientific and practical 
knowledge in the noblest of all arts and sciences — house- 
wifery — has proved a marked success. There are from forty 
to fifty young women who pursue the various branches of 
cooking and sewing in connection with their other subjects, 
and with a decided gain to the work of the young women of 
the university. A young woman may obtain the degree of 
Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Sciences and have with it, 
at the same time, an adequate knowledge of the fundamental 
branches of housekeeping. 

The engineering courses of the university are among the 
most prominent and most useful courses of education on the 
Coast. They comprise the School of Mining and Metallurgy, 
the School of Mechanical Engineering and the School of Civil 
Engineering. The lines of study are fully up to the require- 
ments of the engineering profession in its several departments. 
The School of Mining and Metallurgy is the oldest and one 
of the best known in the university, and any student com- 
pleting this course has a good, strong foundation for his 
future work in the profession of mining and metallurgy. One 
of our professors recently made an estiinate of the number of 
young men who had graduated from the courses of engineer- 
ing and what they are now doing. The total number from 
these schools is seventy-two, of whom sixty -nine are living; 
forty-seven are engaged in mining engineering or the man- 
agement of mines; fifteen in other branches of engineering, 
and seven in other occupations. In their field of labor eleven 
are in South Africa, holding lucrative positions; two in Costa 



[54] 



Rica, one in Corea, five in Mexico, one in Texas, one in Wash- 
ington, D. C, five in Montana, ten in California, one in Wash- 
ington, one in lUinois, twenty-eight in Nevada, one in Utah, 
one in New York and one in British Columbia. 

The School of Mechanical Engineering has been organ- 
ized for five years and has made enviable progress in that 
time. Its graduates are holding excellent positions in this 
State, and there is a demand for more men than the depart- 
ment can supply. Instruction in woodworking, iron working 
and the technical subjects of the mining engineering profession 
is unexcelled. The instruction in drawing in all its branches 
is superior to that given in the majority of engineering in- 
stitutions. 

The School of Civil Engineering, now but three years old, 
is making excellent progress. It requires more work in sur- 
veying than any other of the engineering schools, and in the 
technical subjects of the profession, it aims to qualify the 
student for success. 




bCENE i\K.\K CARSON r\l\ 



Work of the Churches. 

Rev. S. Unsworth. 

THIS work is confined almost exclusively to cities 
and towns on railroad lines, which means that 
vast areas of the State are unvisited by clergy- 
men of any name, and that thousands of souls 
are absolutely unshepherded. But in all the 
towns of any size on a railroad, churches or a church can be 
found, and there good work is being done, often in face of 
trials and discouragements unknown in more populous and 
more stable communities. There is much preaching of the 
gospel "to a procession," as some one aptly described his 
work in a drifting community. That requires faith and the 
courage born of it, and even greater faith is required to min- 
ister, not to a passing but to a dwindling population. Many 
of the old mining camps have become such, and hence have 
been abandoned by the minister, because first abandoned 
by the miner. An occasional visit from a bishop or a super- 
intendent is all that such places can look forward to, "to 
give them their meat in due season." They probably, if 
they have any spiritual hunger left, often think the meat 
overdue. But there are many growing, many permanent 
and substantial towns, and they have, because they can 
support, or partly support, them, ministers and churches. 

METHODISTS. 

The Methodists probably occupy or supply the greatest 
number of towns, including Reno, where they have a large 
church, both building and membership, and a good parsonage, 
with an earnest and goodly pastor. The superintendent of 
the work of the Nevada Mission also lives here, adding strength 
to the local work by his strong and sterling personality. 
The same is true of the president of the State University, 
who is also a devoted clergyman of the Methodist Church. 



[56] 




METHODIST CHURCH, RENO 

In Carson, Virginia City, Gardnerville, Lovelock, Paradise 
Valley, Winnemucca, Yerington and Austin are settled 
pastors, while in three or four smaller places licentrates 
are "trying their practice hand on men and then are making 
the women Christians." 

John Wesley's spirit is here in Nevada, to the great profit 
of the State. 

CATHOLIC CHURCH. 

And, of course, the spirit of Ignatius Loyola isn't absent. 
That great Roman Catholic Church that throws such widely 
loving anns abroad is doing much to draw her children cloge 

[57] 



and keep them from the evil of the world here in 
Nevada as elsewhere. In Reno is a strong church 
with two zealous and faithful resident priests, with, 
for the present, an Italian priest to minister to the 
large number of his countrymen who live here in 
the "Truckee Meadows." Five "Sisters" also are 
here, engaged chiefly in conducting a good parochial 
school. 

It has been impossible to obtain information as 
to the work being done in the eastern part of the 
State, which belongs to the district of Salt Lake, but 
in the western half, earnest and successful work is 
being carried on in Carson, Gold Hill, Virginia City, 
Tonopah, Wadsworth, Winnemucca and Verdi. 

EPISCOPAL CHURCH. 

The Protestant Episcopal Church early established 
itself in the State, and under the wise ndministration 




CATHOLIC CHLRCH, RENO 




(■<)Ni;RKr,AT10NAL CHURCH, RF;N0 

of its first bishop, grew strong. But like the other churches, 
it knows the sorrow of having had to abandon once promis- 
ing places and seeing church fabrics go to decav. In Reno, 
however, and Carson, Virginia City, Wadsworth, Winne- 
mucca and Verdi in the western part of the State, and at 
Elko, in the eastern, a very encouraging work is being done 
by five clergymen who minister to those places. Money is 
in the bank at Tonopah for a church building, and more ready 
as the salary of a clergyman, as soon as a suitable man can be 
found. 



BAPTISTS. 

The Baptists have, in Reno, a fine church and a live 
congregation, with an earnest and energetic pastor. 
He is bubbling over with vim, and East Reno, or 
Sparks, is catching the overflow. Work has been begun 
there. It is in the "day of small things," yet, but it is 
begun and will grow. At Verdi is a pretty little church, 
the only one in the 
town, belonging to 
the Baptists, but 
only used, at pre- 
sent, occasionallv 
by them. 

Another clergy- 
man is at Wads- 
worth and preach- 
ing out to Fallons, 
where a little 
cliurch is being 
built. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

The last organ- 
ization to establish 
itself in Reno was 
the Presbyterian, about two years ago. A good church building 
has been erected, and already thirty communicants are 
enrolled, and the work is going vigorously on under the 
direction of a young, aggressive minister. The church in 
Virginia City is closed at present, but strong parishes are 
at Carson City and Lamoile, Wells, and Star Valley. 

CONGREGATIONALIST. 

Reno is the only town in the State where the Congrega- 
tionalists have established themselves, Imt their congregation 




EPISCOPAL CHrRc^ll. KE^i) 



[ 5>< ] 




BAPTIST CHURCH, RENO 



here is in flourishing condition, and under the inspiration of 
a new pastor arrived, gives promise of a healthv extension 
of its activities. One of the best church buildings of tlic 
State is theirs. 



.\DVENTISTS. 

The Seventh Day Adventists also have a church in 
Reno, the sole one, it is believed, of the denomination in 
the State. 

VOLUNTEERS OF AMERICA. 

Mention of the Volunteers of America must not be 
omitted. They make their presence known wherever 
they are, and here in Reno their power is being felt. 
A hall on one of the principal streets in the business 
part of the town has just been bought, giving them 
the "local habitation and a name" that promise 
permanency. 




PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, RENO 



[59] 




sphere are today, and there have been 
since i860, more Studebaker vehicles 
used in Nevada than all other makes com- 
bined. The fact that we give you a better 
wagon at no greater price is the only reason. 

Write any of our Nevada agencies for catalogues and prices. 
If there is no agent in your vicinity write direct to us 

;^T^JDEBAKER JJROS. f.OMPAiyY 

OF CALIFORNIA. 

Market & loth Sts. : : SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



NEVADA AND EASTERN 
CALIPORNIA AGENCIES 

Austin Commercial Co., 
Austin, Nevada 

J. R. Bradley Co., 
Reno, Nevada 

Baker Brothers, 

Lovelock, Nevada 

C. H. Eaton Co., 

Gardnerville, Nevada 

Evans-Burchell Co., 
Fallon, Ne\'ada 

The Horton Co., 

Battle Mountain, Ne\ada 

E. Reinhart & Co., 

Winnemucca, Nevada 

C. E. Emerson, 

Susanville, California 

T. H. Johnstone, 

Cedarville, California 

Geo. H. Knight, 

Adin, Calitornia 

E. Lauer & Sons, 

Alturas, California 

Leece & Waterson, 

Bishop, California 



Climate and Health Conditions 

Hon. H. F. Bartine. 

AMONG Nevada's greatest attractions are the splendid 
climatic and health conditions which prevail, not 
merely in specially favored localities, but all over 
the State. There are considerable differences in 
temperature depending upon elevation and topog- 
raphy. 

Along the line of the Central Pacific Railroad from Love- 
lock to Wells and that vicinity, the mercury sometimes falls 
so low" as to make the reports almost appalling to people 
unfamiliar with Nevada conditions. Thirty or forty, and 
even sixty degrees below zero have been reported. Still so 
dry and pure is the atmosphere that the extreme cold is 
hardly noticed, and people seldom neglect their usual winter 
avocations on account of it. Taking the State as a whole, 
the thermometer seldom registers lower than fifteen below, 
and over wide areas there are many winters in which the 
zero mark is not reached. In summer from ninety to one 
hundred are about the top limits, and the heat is in no sense 
oppressive, for the same reason that the cold is not severely 
felt, — namely, the dryness of the atmosphere. Cases of 
death by freezing are exceedingly rare, while sunstrokes are 
practically unknown. In the humid climate of the States 
east of the Mississippi when the mercury rises above eighty- 
five, human beings and horses begin to drop, overpowered 
by the heat; but if either a horse or a man ever died in this 
State as a result of genuine sunstroke, the writer has never 
heard of it in all the thirty-five years that have passed since 
he became a resident. 

The most disagreeable features of the climate are the 
high winds which sometimes prevail chiefly in the late spring. 
These are owing to the circumstance that the valleys become 
heated while the mountain ranges, being partially covered 



with snow and considerably more elevated, are much cooler. 
The heated air of the valleys rises and the cooler air from 
the mountain rushes down to take its place. While those 
winds are rather unpleasant, they are of comparatively rare 
occurrence, and when they do come they are highly conduc- 
ive to health by purifying the atmosphere. Nowhere in the 
United States are there upon an average more beautiful, 
sunny days than in Nevada. To say that we have three 
hundred perfectly clear or fair days out of the three hundred 
and sixty-five constituting the year is a conservative state- 
ment. 

The climate is as salubrious as it is beautiful, and it max- 
well be doubted if anywhere in the world general health con- 
ditions are better than they are here. It may be asserted 
with some assurance that no person born and bred in Nevada 
ever had consumption. There is literally no malaria, no 
diseases of any kind that can be ascribed to conditions of 
either climate or soil. With consumption and malaria prac- 
ticallv unknown among the natives of the State, or those 
free from the diseases named when they came here, it is quite 
apparent that Nevada is exempt from two of the worst 
scourges which menace human existence and happiness in 
the region east of the Rocky Mountains. 

Here, as everywhere, sickness and death come sooner or 
later to all. Still it can be said in perfect candor that no- 
where else on the surface of this globe can one hundred and 
ten thousand square miles of territory in solid mass be found 
in which climatic conditions are more conducive to health 
and longevity than are those which prevail universally all 
over the sage-brush State. With just reasonable care people 
may live as long, as comfortably, and as happily in Nevada 
as anywhere else in the world. 

While possessing a climate that ever keeps our inhabi- 
tants healthy, we also have for those who shall come afflicted 
with the various ills of life, nature's sanitariums in several 
hot spring resorts that rival in virtue any springs elsewhere 



[6i] 



in the world. Prominent of these are Walley's, in Douglas 
County, to be reached by stage ride sixteen miles south of 
Carson City; this is a popular and well patronized resort, 
with excellent hotel accommodations. 

The famotis Golconda Hot Springs, at Golconda, on the 
Southern Pacific Railroad, in Humboldt County, and of 
which Louis Dutertre is proprietor, are visited by many peo- 
ple yearly. Some of the great virtues possessed by the waters 
of these springs are further mentioned on another page herein. 

The Steamboat Springs, ten miles south of Reno, on the 
Virginia and Truckee Railroad, are composed of a group of 
geysers and other boiling outbursts of water, extending for 
a mile along the railway ; they emit great clouds of steam 
which suggested their name, and are said to contain mercury 
and other minerals in solution which possess great curative 
qualities for complaints of specific origin and all chronic 
troubles. The surrounding climatic conditions are unsur- 
passed. 

Lawton Springs are on the Southern Pacific Railroad, five 
miles west of Reno, and is a popular resort. Besides these 
there are Shaw's Springs, Carson, Ormsby County, Bruffey's 
Springs in Eureka County, and White Sulphur Springs at 
Elko, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, all of which are ex- 
tremelv well patronized. 

SUBSCRIRK FOR THK 

TONOPAH BONANZA 

and get the latest news on the most wonderful mining 

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W. W. BOOTH, Manager and Editor 

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LARGEST CIRCULATION IN TONOPAH 




UP-TO-DATE 

MAPS 



,-j^'^Mv 




OUR NEW MAP OF 

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is the only up-to-date map of Nevada 

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GoLDFIELD, DiAMONDFIELD, COLUMBIA, BuLL FrO(;, 

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S26 MarKet Street 
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 





For Information About 

Nevada, California and all the West 

get the books issued by the 

Southern Pacific 

and sent tor two cents postage each 

"The New Nevada" "South of Tehachapi" 

"The Sacramento Valley" "Map of California" 

"The San Joaquin Valley" "California Fruit" 

"The Coast Country" "The New Arizona" 

and literature about summer and health resorts 



Sunset Magazine 

leads the west in artistic illustration and ably 
written articles about the far western states. 
It is published bv the Passenger Department 
of the Southern Pacific Company and sold 
everywhere. loc. a copy, j^i.oo a year. 



Write to any Agent of the Southern Pacific 



I SILENT TESTIMONY I 

A little over eight years ago this Company had but one 
store in Sacramento, handling furniture, carpets, linoleum, 
draperies, china, glassware, crockery, stoves, kitchenware, etc. 
Today it operates four large establishments in Sacramento, 
San Francisco, Stockton, and Reno. The total actual sales 
for the year ending Oct. 31, 1904, were over $2,340,000. 
This is without doubt the largest volume of business done by 
any one firm in these lines outside of New York. 
California and Nevada are just beginning to be developed. 
Here is some "food" lor thought. 




Sacramento, San Francisco, Stockton, and Reno ^ 



Reno Power, Light and Water Company 

INCORPORATED under the laws of the State of Cali- 
fornia, for $1,000,000, office No. 117 Virginia Street, 
Reno, Nev. The officers of the company are com- 
posed of the following gentlemen : President, P. L. 
Flanigan ; vice-president, Dr. W. H. Patterson ; secre- 
tary, W. L. Bechtel ; treasurer, the Washoe County Bank. 
This company own and control the water plant, gas 
plant, electric light plant, storage plant, ice plant and Hyland 
Ditch, together with 5,000 acres of land. No purer water 
is furnished to the inhabitants of any city than is furnished 
by this company. The Hyland Ditch taps the sparkling 
waters of the Truckee River, fourteen miles above Reno, 
near Verdi. It empties into and is connected with two large 
reservoirs, having a capacity of 80,000 gallons, situated on 
the high lands near Reno. The water is furnished at a rea- 
sonable rate to their patrons. Reno consumes 8,000,000 
gallons daily, using this water for irrigating lawns, gardens, 
and all domestic purposes — in fact, there is more than 
enough for a population double the present. The water 
mains are from 22 inches to 4 inches, and cover all the 
streets of Reno, so that every person who wishes can have 
all the water required for all purposes. The present system 
is to be extended to Sparks, three miles east of Reno, and is 
to be completed by January i, 1905. 

The company have acquired a number of absolutely pure 
springs of water, lying west of the head of their ditch, and 
intend no install this water to be used for domestic purposes 
only. When that is accomplished it is probable that Reno 
can boast of having the purest drinking water of any city in 
our land. 

The present gas plant is small, and the rapid growth of 



Reno has caused the management to contemplate the erec- 
tion of a late, up-to-date plant commensurate with the city's 
present and future requirements, which will be installed in 
the near future. 

The electric light plant is strictly up to date, with the 
most modern machinery, buildings, etc. This plant furnishes 
to Reno residents and surroundings light and power at a 
more reasonable price than is furnished by any other com- 
pany on the Pacific Coast. There are over 60,000 incandes- 
cent and 90 arc lights in daily use in our city, and 5,000 
incandescents in Sparks. The company operate their own 
plant of 600 horse power, and have a reserve bought from 
the Truckee River and General Electric Company at Farad, 
Cal., and connected by a long line transmission service with 
Reno. This company have contracted with the Southern 
Pacific railroad shops at Sparks to furnish 250 horse power, 
and the Nevada Transit Company (Reno street railway) 
with 150 horse power, and are always prepared to contract 
power and light in an)- quantity desired. 

The ice plant operated by this company turns out a pure 
hygienic article, and suffice to say, the following figures will 
demonstrate their large patronage : From April ist to Octo- 
ber 31st of this year, their sales were 3,339.17s pounds. 
The cold storage plant owned by this corporation is equipped 
with the most modern appliances, and the company has 
perfect facilities for the storing of meats, eggs, butter, poul- 
try, beer, etc., at very reasonable rates by the month or 
season. 

Bv the foregoing our readers will readily see that Reno 
has all modern advantages in the matter of water, light, 
power, etc., making it the equal, in point of health, to any 
other city in the land, and superior to many. All these 
advantages, in connection with our pure mountain air, make 
life in Reno and vicinitv ideal. 



[65] 




FLANIGAX WAREHOUSE COMPAN\' 



The Flanigan Warehouse Company. 

THIS is the leading warehouse company in the State. 
They have a large two-story brick building, with 
electric elevator and all modern improvements, sit- 
uated on the corner of Fourth Street and Eureka 
Avenue, on the line of the electric railway. The 
building has one hundred and six feet frontage and a 
depth of one hundred and fifty feet, and even this is found 
hardly adequate at times, especially in the wool season, 
when the company have from one to two million pounds of 
wool to care for. This wool is stored in the great ware- 
house, completely filling it from the floor to the roof, anrl 
sales are conducted twice yearly, the representatives of the 
principal wool-buying centers of the East being present in 
large numbers at these semi-annual sales. Sheep supplies of 
all kinds will always be found at the company's salesroom, 
in charge of attentive salesmen. The company, in connec- 
tion therewith, conduct a general storage and commission 
business, storing furniture and household goods, and, in fact, 
every commodity required, at reasonable rates. Thev are 
also general distributors of Castle Rock mineral water, A. B. C 
beer. Port Costa flour, and are wholesale dealers in lime, 
cement, salt, sulphur, wool and grain bags, sheep dip, black- 
smith and fuel coal, grain, flour, paper and twine; also 
agents for the Baker & Hamilton complete line of wagons, 
buggies, runabouts, phaetons, traps and trapettes, always 
carrying in stock the most complete line in the State ; are 
also agents for the celebrated Champion mowers and rakes, 
and Buckeye mowers and Tiger rakes. 

The company are incorporated under the laws of Nevada 
for $50,000 fully paid up capital stock. The following are 
the officers of the company: P. L. Flanigan, president; 
James Dunn, vice-president; S. M. Sample, secretary and 
manager. 




[67] 



SENATOR P. L. FLAXIG.'VN 



Sheep Industry. 

THERE is no section in the union where sheep thrive 
or do better than in Nevada. During the sum- 
mer months the hillsides abound with fine native 
grasses, and in the winter sagebrush makes excel- 
lent feed. There are about 750,000 sheep in the 
State. Washoe, Elko, Humboldt, Lander and Esmeralda 
Counties contain the greater portion. The owners of these 
herds take great pride in their welfare, and import the 
best of blooded stock to increase their quality. Nevada 
wool commands the highest price in the market. The clip 
this year sold for 12^ to 16 cents per pound. Eastern wool 
buyers send their representatives to the Nevada sales, which 
take place semi-annually. At these times one of the busiest 
of these emporiums is the Flanigan Warehouse Company 
of Reno, Nevada, and during one of these sales there will 
be found the principal sheep owners of the State. The 
greater portion of the wool is shipped to the East in the 
original package in grease. Some little, however, is scoured 
in San Francisco, Cal. The French merino ewe crossed with 
the Lincoln, Schropshire or Cotswold breed, seems to thrive 
the best in this State, the mutton being of a very superior 
quality and the clip averaging some eight pounds. An aver- 
age of 90 per cent of lambs are raised each year, and bring 
the very highest price in the Eastern as well as Pacific mar- 
kets. This year Nevada lambs brought the very highest 
figure paid in the Chicago market. 

The sheep industry is conducted on conservative business 
principles, and it is now one of the greatest sources of rev- 
enue in the State and increasing gradually year by year. 
And while there are now only about three-quarters of a 
million in Nevada, there is abundant room for many times 
this number, the sheep following the melting snow up the 
mountain sides during the spring and summer under the 

[68 




BA I ri,t MUUN TAIN, NKVAUA 

watchful care of the herder and his ever faithful dog, eating 
of the tender grasses made by the melting snow and living 
comfortably during the winter months on the lowlands and 
in the valleys, thus making of Nevada an ideal climate for 
the successful raising of these animals. 

The principal sheep owners of Nevada are P. L. Flanigan, 
James Dunn, J. D. Flanigan, Wheeler & Ridenour, Martin 
Predere, A. Fransen, Y. Yparraguirre & Brother, C. E. Day, 
C. E. Wedertz, J. J. O'Brien, John G. Taylor, W.W.Williams, 
Adams & McGill, Mrs. W. T. Jenkins, W. F. Mahoney, 
H. F. Danberg Livestock Co., Thos. Hill, J. W. Freeman, 
Noble & Talbott, Geo. Ernst, Eureka Livestock Co., Clover 
Valley Land and Cattle Co., Corbeil & Co., Jordan Valley 
Stock Co., Golconda Cattle Co., Thos. Nelson and John O' Kane. 

] 




FINISHED PRODUCTS READY FOR SHIPMENT 



Troy Laundry Company. 

THIS fine plant is an ornament to our city, and is 
situated on the banks of the beautiful Truckee 
River, at the corner of North and High Streets. 
The company have erected a large, handsome brick 
building, with fire-proof roofing, cement floors, and 
it is as near fireproof as it is possible to make a laundry. 
They have 50 feet frontage and 125 feet depth, and are 
equipped with the most modern, up-to-date laundry machin- 
ery purchasable. The company are incorporated under the 
laws of the State of Nevada for $25,000, fully paid in. The 
officers of the company are the following, and are among 
Reno's leading citizens: P. L. Flanigan, president; J. H. 
Clemens, vice-president ; S. M. Sample, secretary and man- 
ager. The compan}? are doing the leading and largest laun- 
dry business in the State, having agencies at Tonopah, Car- 
son, Virginia, Wadsworth, Winnemucca and Lovelock, Nev., 
also Lakeview, Ore., Altruras, Beckwith and Truckee, Cal., 
and many other points tributary to Reno. 

The superior class of work done by this progressive com- 
pany cannot be surpassed anywhere east or west, and under 
the present management is destined to keep pace with the 
city's and State's growth. In connection therewith they 
operate the Reno Clean Towel Supply Coinpany, furnishing 
towels, looking-glass, comb, brush and soap at a reasonable 
monthly rental. This branch of their business is assuming 
large proportions, and is fully appreciated by the many who 
take advantage of this system. Their motto will ever be 
found in ' ' honest work and honest prices." 



Kindly send loc for postage to the Nevada Chamber of Commerce, 
Reno, Nevada, for each e.xtra copy of "Greater Nevada." 



Olaltfnnua 
^rl)inil of iElnrutinn <xi\b (iratorg 

fflljartprrfi ISSl 

The California School of Elocution and Oratory offers a systematic 
course in Elocution and Oratory, and grants legal diplomas upon its 
completion. This course prepares persons for teaching the art, for 
public appearances as platform reader or entertainer and for dramatic 
work. ^ Those who do not desire the complete course may receive 
instruction in any or several of the following departments: 

iSlIlfv viltimrr* Producing an agreeable and responsive voice 
able to endure prolonged effort. 

Pliyairal CEultUrP : Giving health and development of body 
and ease and grace in movement. 

lExprrssinttal Srainiug: Giving seif-knowiedge and 

mastery, essential to success in anv business or profession. 
ISirnUtttvl I Pioducing ability to read, recite or speak effectively. 

Sramatir Stiterjirrtaltmi : Helping to a better appre- 

ciation ot nature and art and to mental development and literary 
culture. 

Ihriimilirr : Programs suggested and pupils coached in recita- 
tions, monologues, character sketches, addresses, etc, 

ParliUUirUttiry uiUUl: Affording instruction and practice in 
the proper manner ot* transacting business in Clubs, Societies and 
public meetings. In this age, every man and woman should 
understand how to conduct such affairs. 

Ladies and gentlemen may receive class or private instruction in the day 
or evening. ^ A limited number of children will be admitted to special 
classes. ^ Terms for lessons and further particulars will be furnished 
upon application to the principal. Miss Emily Curtis, M. E. 

Aasuriatinu 1Sutl^iu^l. fHaiuni nxxh SUtii S'lrrrts 
^an JfraurtGni, (Caltfnniia 



[70] 




STREET SCENE AT RENO 



History of the Borax Deposits in Nevada. 

B. F. Edwards. 

THE United States supply of borax is almost entirely 
obtained from California and Nevada. The first 
discovery was made in Lake County, Cal., in 1856. 
In 1862 the San Bernardino borax marsh was dis- 
covered. In 187 1 borax was found on the marshes 
of Esmeralda County, Nev., by Mr. F. M. Smith, now presi- 
dent of the Pacific Coast Borax Company, the largest pro- 



Marshes in the West differ very much in appearance from 
what is known in the East as a marsh. In the West they 
are not necessarily very soft or wet, but are generally dry 
lakes or lagoons covered with an alkaline crust. They 
occupy the low depressions in the bottom of the desert and 
receive the drainage from a large surrounding area, and the 
saline matter accumulating gives it a light, whitish appear- 
ance. After a local storm or a cloudburst they may be wet 
or soft for some time, but when the water evaporates, they 
glisten like fields of snow. 




Jl-MULE TEAM HAULING BOKAX, 



ducers of refined borax and boracic acid in the world, whose 
famous twenty-mule team is now on exhibition at the St. 
Louis Fair, in charge of Mr. J. A, Yerrington of the Nevada 
State Building. 

Mr. Smith also located a rich deposit in Nevada known 
as the Teel's Marsh Deposit, which furnished a large percent- 
age of the annual output up to 1893. The Nevada marshes 
have been producing steadily since then. 

[7 



At the time Mr. Smith discovered the borax it was a 
dry season, and the alkali deposits were more than usually 
extensive. From the hilltops he could see the gleaming 
white Teel's marsh, and on visiting it he found a heavy 
incrustation which seemed rich in borax on testing. It 
appeared afterwards that he had by chance stepped upon 
the richest portion of the marsh first. He was so impressed 
with the appearance of the marsh that he at once located 



several thousand acres, most of which afterwards proved 
to be valueless. The material found in these marshes is 
called cotton-balls, a borate of lime. This is boiled with 
water and carbonate of soda, when the two minerals change 
partners, the carbonate in the soda uniting with the lime, 
forming a carbonate of lime, and the borate in the lime 
uniting with the soda in the proportions of two parts of 
boracic acid to one of soda, forming a bi-borate of soda or 
the borax of commerce. 

Borax was worth 30 cents per pound when Teel's marsh 
was discovered, but so many small plants for the produc- 
tion of borax from cotton-balls were erected in different 
parts of Nevada, that a rush was started that almost ruined 
the market. 

Mr. Smith finally obtained sole control of Teel's marsh 
by buying out over one hundred locators and clearing up all 
adverse claims. 

About twelve years ago Mr. Smith transferred the prop- 
erty to the Pacific Coast Borax Company, in which he is the 
largest stockholder, and from that time on the growth of 
the industry has been rapid. Borax today retails in the 
larger States for 10 cents per pound in packages, and has a 
wide consumption among housewives, owing to its cleansing 
qualities. 

Teel's marsh was the first deposit to be commercially 
profitable in the desert region, but the Rhodes, Columbus 
and Fish Lake marshes were afterward worked to good 
advantage, and are still working. They are all in Esmeralda 
County, and not many miles apart. 

In general appearance these borax marshes are exactly 
alike. There is a bowl of a valley surrounded by pictur- 
esque, if barren, mountains, and at the bottom of this bowl 
is a vast deposit that looks like water, or salt, or dirty snow, 
or chalk, according to the conditions of the air and the 
distance of the spectator. 

When one walks across the marsh, he finds it covered. 



for the most part, with a sandy-looking crust through which 
the feet break. Below this crust there is commonly clay, 
more or less wet, and in places water and slime of unford- 
able depth. The marshes are, beyond doubt, the bottoms 
of lakes now dried up. No one can say just where the 
borates came from, how they were formed, or how deposited. 
This much is known, however : Borax, in the language of 
the chemist, is a bi-borate of soda — it is a compound of 
boracic acid and a small proportion of soda. Boracic acid 
is fonned naturally in some volcanic regions, perhaps as cer- 
tain other products are formed, the sulphurous gases, for 
instance. This boracic acid, in gaseous form or solution, came 
rising from subterranean laboratories, through certain other 
substances, and formed compounds with them. It came in 
contact with lime, and formed borate of lime, and with soda, 
and formed borate of soda. These combinations were formed 
under different circumstances, and therefore the compounds 
differ from each other in appearance, but just what these 
circumstances were, nobody knows. The cotton-balls occiir 
in beds and nests and singly as well. 

Wherever there is a deposit of borate of soda, the crust 
forming on the deposit continually increases in quantity. 
After the workmen have removed it, it grows again to a cer- 
tain extent, but will eventually be worked out. 

The marshes in Esmeralda County are at an elevation of 
more than 5,000 feet above the sea. 

The writer regrets lack of knowledge bearing on borax 
deposits located north of Reno, operated for many years bv 
Mr. J. M. Fulton. 

Borax finds innumerable uses, and these are ever increas- 
ing. It is employed in more than fifty different industries, 
the most important, perhaps, being those of meat packing, 
glass and enamel ware manufacture, and domestic uses. 
There is probably no single article employed in the house- 
hold which meets so great a varietv of needs. 



[73] 



The Greater Reclamation Ditch. 

For the United States Government in Nevada. 

THE work for the Irrigating Ditch was let to the C. A. 
Warren Co., of San Francisco, and the San Fran- 
cisco Construction Co. carried out and completed 
the work, the works furnishing all necessary plant. 
The work consisted of constructing a concrete dam 
across the Truckee River, first diverting the water by means 
of sheet piling, and then constructing a permanent concrete 
dam, to divert the water into the canal. It required an ex- 
cavation of about 1,500,000 cubic yards of earth, and owing 
to the formation of the ground it was necessary to make 
cuts over one hundred feet; there are three tunnels con- 
structed on the line, that are lined with concrete. The sides 
of a large portion of the ditch are also concreted. The com- 
pany have been working four steam shovels, locomotives. 




A PORTI(5N OK THE COMPLETED DITCH 



cars, etc., also about 700 head of horses and over 1,000 men 
for a period of nearly a year. 

The size of the ditch varies according to the nature of 
the ground. In one division, No. i, it is 23 feet on the bot- 
tom and 15 feet deep, carrying 13 feet of water at all times. 

The tunnels are all constructed a little smaller area, and 
the sides, bottom and arches are smoothly concreted and 
built with a heavy grade, permitting of a very rapid flow of 
water, and will carry all that flows through the ditch. 
Heavy spillways and waste-gates are constructed along the 
line at intervals to afford outlets for the water in case of a 
break in any portion of the ditch. 

This ditch carries from 1,200 to 1,400 feet of water per 
second, and is one of the largest, if not the largest, in the 
country. 

Reference to page 5 in this publication, on "Irrigation," 
by L. H. Taylor, engineer in the United States Reclamation 
Service, gives additional and detailed information regarding 
the ditch and the land through which it runs, as well as the 
character and great possibilities of the country. 

This has been one of the most difficult pieces of work 
that will have to be done on this portion of the system, as 
the ditch runs through a rough uneven country, the mate- 
rial of which is very changeable ; so far all engineering diffi- 
culties have been overcome, and the ditch will be completed 
and water running April i, 1905. 

The construction of this work has been under the direct 
supervision of Mr. A. J. Raisch and A. E. Buckman, who are 
devoting time and energy in carrying out its completion. ^*S! 

The Construction Company are operating 70-ton Bucyrus 
steam shovels on this work, and in order to lift the material 
out of the ditch and into cars it was necessary to have con- 
structed special booms 40 feet in length. This is the largest 
boom ever operated on a steam shovel, and the Company 
have had no end of trouble and mechanical difficulties to 
overcome before reaching the point of perfection they have 



[74] 



now obtained. A picture of one of these shovels can be seen 
in the accompanying cuts. These shovels are now worked 
very successfully in the rough bouldery ground. 

The carrying out and completion of this work is one of 
the greatest improvements that has ever been introduced by 
the United States Government, and its effect and benefit is 
very far-reaching, and it will put into cultivation a large 
tract of land that has heretofore been barren, which on the 
completion of this ditch and of the placing of water on the 
land will make it blossom like the rose, and the great and 
now barren waste of sand and sage-brush will be turned into 
green fields and waving with grain and corn. This work 
will encourage the undertaking of the same line of work by 
private individuals on a smaller scale. 

The San Francisco Construction Company have had ex- 
tensive work of this character throughout the entire Coast, 
and are equipped with a plant that will enable them to suc- 




ONE OF THE TUNNELS WHICH WH.L BE LINED WITH 
CONCRETE, THROUGH WHICH THE WATER P.ASSES 



cessfully carry out any kind of ditch or excavation work, on 
a large or small scale; and are prepared to construct ditches 
or build railroads on short notice. The capable and efficient 
manner in whirh thev have perfonned and carried out the 




TIIIC KIC, LONG BOOM STEAM SHOVEL BELONGING T( i 
SAN FRANCISCO CONSTRUCTION COMPANY 

construction of this great work, and the many |)erplexmg 
difficulties they have overcome, is a guarantee as to their 
ability to handle and carry out any work they may under- 
take in a satisfactory manner. 

Mr. Buckman and Mr. Raisch. individually and collect- 
ively, have been in the contracting business for_many years 
and' have had a wide and varied experience in' all kinds of 
work, including railroad building, tunnels, concrete and stone 
work, large excavations of both rock and earth, flumes and 
ditch work, pipe laying, sewering and conduit work in all 
parts of the Coast, and have always given satisfaction. They 
pay particular attention to the treatment of their men and 
to the sanitary condition of their camps. 



[75] 



Present Membership of the Chamber 
of Commerce, Reno, Nevada 



Abbott, Dr. C. T. 
Anderson, Henry 
Andreiiccetti, Peter 
Ainley, J. A. cS; Son 
Aitken, J. F. 
Ayres, Albert D. 
Bacon & Branard 
Bacon, E. L. 
Barett, Mat A. 
Barrett, John 
Bakeless, I. N. 
Ballinger, W. M. 
Bender, C. T. 
Becker, C. 
Becker, J. J. Est. 
Beard, W. S. 
Beck, H. H. 
Bevier, Louis 
Bingham, C. E. 
Bingham, E. L. 
Bonham, J. A. 
Bony, V. F. 
Boughton, F. M. 
Boyd, James S. 
Bragg, Allen C. 
Bradley, J. R. Co. 
Bray, J. E. 
Brearley & Uniacke 
Breuner, John & Son 
Brownlee, H. C. 
Bryson & Cohn 



Burnett, Dr. W. F. 
Burke, Chas. 
Burke, J. 
Burke, Peter 
Campbell, C. M. 
Chandler, R. R. 
Caffrey, W. G. 
Campbell, Frank 
Carr & Elliott 
Carroll & Seaman 
Carpenter, Emery 
Cheatham, T. R. 
Clark, A. J. 
Cleator, Robert 
Clough, C. E. 
Coats & White 
Coffin & Larcum 
Cooke, H. R. 
Coppersmith, W. E. 
Corecco, Jerry S. 
Cox, W. L. 
Craig, W. B. 
Crampton, H. J. 
Crawley, J. M. 
Crawley, John D. 
Crosby, G. T. 
Curler, B. F. 
Curler, Benj. 
Currie, Steve 
Dann, F. P. 
Darling, H. J. 



Davenport, C. M. 
Davis, H. 
Dawson, D. A. 
Defanti, A. 
DeHalsea, Dr. D. M. 
DeHart, H. L. 
Dennis, J. H. 
Dixon Brothers 
Dodge, E. R. 
Donnels, A. T. 
Donald & Stinemantz 
Drappe, E. L. 
Driver, W. G. 
Dromiack, A. 
Dryer, Chas. 
Evans, M. L. 
Everett, Frank C. 
Fee, Dr. George 
Feld & Jarvis 
Field, H. L. 
Fitzgerald, J. A. 
Flanigan, P. L. 
Flanigan Warehouse 
Fleis4iman, L. P. 
Fogg, W. A. 
Foster, Sidney C. 
Fox, A. W. 
Frank Brothers 
Frank, M. & Co. 
Fraily & Goodwin 
Fraley, H. 
Fredrick, Marcus 
Frey, Frank J. 
Frisch, Charles J. 
Fulton, J. M. 
Fulton, R. L. 



Genesy, B. J. 
Gibson, S. C. 
Golden Eagle Hotel 
Golden, Frank 
Gosse, H. J. 
Graham, W. D. R. 
Gray, J. H. 
Gray, Reid & Wright 
Great American Tea Co. 
Griffin, A. D. 
Grocery Co.,W. B. 
Gulling, C. 
Hamilton, Dr. J. A. 
Hayes, John 
Hennessy, Dr. J. C. 
Henry, James 
Herz, R. & Bro. 
Hershiser, A. E. 
Hibbard, A. A. 
Hibbard & McPhail 
Hildebrand & Co. 
Hilp, Sol 
Hilsinger, E. C. 
Hodgkinson, S. J. 
Holcomb, G. R. 
Holesworth, George E. 
Holmes, A. W. 
Hopkins, J. W. 
Humphreys, J. E. 
Hymers, T. K. 
Ingalls, G. W. 
Jackson, J.W. 
Jenkins, Mrs. W. T. 
Jerome, S. B. 
King, F. D. 
Kirman, R. 



[76] 



Knox, Charles L. 
Knox, H. L. W. 
Kreft, A. B. 
Kuhn Bros. 
Larcombe, Geo. W. 
Leeper, R. C. 
Leete, Wm. H. 
Lehrbuss, Mrs. L. E. 
Leopold, J. C. 
Levy, Sol 
Levy, William 
Lewis, Dr. J. A. 
Lewis, F. R. 
Loring, C. F. 
Loveland, S. D. 
Manheim, A. B. 
Manson, W. O. 
Manning, A. H. 
Martin, H. M. 
McCormick, E. J. 
McCormack, J. M. 
McDowell, R. H. 
McMillan, M. C. 
McNeilly, W. D. 
McPhail, A. F. 
Massey, W. A. 
Merklinger, J. G. 
Merrill, E. 
Merklinger, G. 
Michael, J. 
Mitchell, W. J. 
Monroe, J. E. 
Mooser, Dr. C. E. 
Mott, C. M. 
Murray, J. J. 
Nailey, J. B. 



Nash, Richard 

Nelson, A. 

Nelson & Paterson 

Nevada Hdw. & Supply Co. 

Nevada Meat Co. 

Nevada Planing Mill 

Nevada P. W. & L. Co. 

Newlands, F. G. 

Nixon, George S. 

Nolan, George E. 

Norcross, C. A. 

Norcross, F. H. 

North, A. 

Novacovich, C. 

Noyes, W. H. 

Oakland Meat Co. 

O'Connor, D. W. 

O' Keefe, Dan 

O" Sullivan, J. D. 

Overland Hotel 

Packard, P. N. 

Painter, C. H. 

Parry, R. W. 

Paterson, Andrew 

Patterson, Dr. W. H. 

Peck, S. J. & Co. 

Pedercini, G. 

Perkins & Oliver 

Pike, W. H. A. 

Plummer, A. W. 

Porteous Decorating Co. 

Porteous, S. G. 

Prentice, E. H. 

Price, A. F. 

Quinn, F. P. 

Reno Cash Store 



Reno Meat Co. 
Reno Mercantile Co. 
Reno Mill & Lumber Co. 
Reno Brewing Co. 
Reynolds, R. 
Riter, H. 
Riverside Mill 
Robeson, G. A. 
Robinson, William F. 
Roff, N. W. 
Rosenthal & Armanko 
Ross, Dr. Donald 
Rulison, D. W. 
Ryland, R. 
Sain, C. M. 
Sample, S. M. 
Sauer, George 
Savage, S. C. 
Scheeline, M. 
Schmitt, Edw. 
Schwarzschild, J. 
Shearer, B. C. 
Smith, H. A. 
Smith, Oscar 
Snyder, Chas. 
Souchereau, J. E. 
Sparks, John 
Spencer, A. 
Spriggs, Fred R. 
Steinmetz, Theo. J. 
Stewart, W. E. M. 
Strassburg, Fred 
Stubbs, J. E. 
Sue Wah 
Sunderland, John 
Taylor, George H. 



Taylor, L. H. 
Taylor, S. T. 
Talbott, G. F. 
Taubert, C. T. 
Ten Broeck, A. H. 
Thoma, Dr. G. H. 
Thompson, F. T. 
Thompson, Harry 
rietjen, Henry H. 
Thyes, H. J. 
Tooley, A. F. 
Turrittin, George F. 
Updike, A. B. 
Updike, F. C. 
Van Buren, H. M. 
Van Duzer, C. D. 
Vernon, E. 
Vogliotti, Felix 
Ward, Bert W. 
Walker, Dr. M. R. 
Webster, W. W. 
Wegg & Bo ugh ton 
Western Ore Purchasing Co. 
Wedekind, Geo. 
Wheeler, D. C. 
Wheeler, S. H. 
Wilkin, Frank B. 
Williams, S. 
Williamson, J. H. 
Wolfe, M. 
Woodard, J. C. 
Woods, Dr. C. H. 
Wren, Thos. 
Wright Bros. 
Wright, John W. 
Young, George J. 



[77] 



Publications on file at the Chamber of Commerce 

American Mining News, New York 

California and Nevada State Gazetteer and Business Direc- 
tory, Suits-Shuman Co. Publishers 
Central Nevadan, Battle Mountain, Nevada 
Cherry Creek Miner, Ely, White Fine County, Nevada 
Chronicle -Union, Bridgeport, California 
Delamar Lode, Delamar, Nevada 
Daytoyi Advocate, Dayton, Nevada 
Eureka Sentinel, Eureka, Nevada 
Inyo Register, Bishop, California 
Lead and Zinc Neivs, St. Louis, Missouri 
Lincoln County Record, Pioche, Nevada 
Lyon County Times, Yerrington, Nevada 
Mining and Scientific Press, San Francisco 
Mining Investor, Colorado Springs, Colorado 
Mi7iing Review, Los Angeles, California 
Mining Review, Salt Lake, Utah 
Mini^ig Reporter, Denver, Colorado 
Mining World, Chicago, Illinois 
Nevada State Herald, Wells, Nevada 
Orchard and Farm, San Francisco 
Ores and Metals, Denver, Colorado 
Pacific Coast Miner, Los Angeles, California 
Petalunia Poultry Joiirnal, Petaluma, California 
Reno livening Gazette 

Sierra Valley Record, Sierraville, California 
Sparks Headlight, Sparks, Nevada 
Siirprise Valley Record, Cedarville, California 



The Argus, Lovelock, Nevada 

The Bonanza, Tonopah, Ne\'ada 

The Bulletin, San Francisco 

The Call, San Francisco 

The Carson Appeal, Carson, Nevada 

The Carson News, Carson, Nevada 

I'he Chronicle, San Francisco 

The Chronicle, Virginia City, Nevada 

The Churchill Standard, Fallon, Nevada 

The Enterprise , Virginia City, Nevada 

The Evening Bee, Sacramento, California 

The Examiner, San Francisco 

The Free Press, Elko, Nevada 

The Fruit World, Los Angeles, California 

The Goldfield News, Goldfield, Nevada 

The Goldfield Revieiv, Goldfield, Nevada 

The Ledger, Reno 

The Nei'ada Observer, Reno 

The Nevada State lournal, Reno 

White Pine Nervs, Ely, Nevada 

The Record, Gardnerville, Nevada 

The Reese River Reveille, Austin, Nevada 

The Searchlight, Searchlight, Nevada 

The Sunset Magazine, San F"rancisco 

The Silver State, Winnemucca, Nevada 

The Tonopah Miner, Tonopah, Nevada 

The Tribune, Lovelock, Nevada 

The Truckee Republican, Truckee, California 

Tuscarora Times-Review, Tuscarora, Elko County, Nevada 

Weekly Independent, Elko, Nevada 



[7S] 



Battle Mountain, Nevada 



THE BLOSSOM RiVNCHES, owned by Mrs. J. A. 
Blossom, James A. Blossom, and R. C. Blossom, 
Mgr., comprising, approximately, 25,000 acres, 
are situated in Humboldt County, about a mile 
from Battle Mountain, a growing and prosperous 
town and a great stock-shipping and trading center. These 
ranches are in the heart of the best agricultural land in 
the Humboldt Valley, through which flows the Humboldt 
River, the largest in Nevada, afford- 
ing great irrigation possibilities and 
insuring successful stock-feeding. A 
very fine artesian belt, the only one 
of its extent in Nevada, runs under 
this property, and there are seven 
deep artesian wells flowing at dif- 
ferent points on the ranches which 
may be easily piped to any part of 
them and furnish an exhaustless sup- 
ply of pure water. The ranches also 
control a large perpetual water right 
of their own, the oldest in the valley. 
The soil is rich and wonderfully 
adaptable to the cultivation of many 
varieties of vegetation. The chief 
crop is alfalfa. About 20,000 tons of 
this and other native grasses are harvested in a season, for 
which there is a ready sale, as stock of all kinds is fattened 
in Nevada for the western markets' winter supply of beef, 
pork and mutton. This ranch has some 3,000 head of 
stock, — horses, mules and cattle, a herd of Angora goats and 
a flock of Persian flat-tailed sheep, the onl)' flock in the 
western States. These sheep are becoming famous for their 




R. C. BLOSSO.VI 

General Manager of the Blossom 

Ranch, Battle Mountain, Xcv. 



great size and for their many colored pelts which are made 
into beautiful and luxurious rugs. 

Fruit and vegetables of all kinds are very successfully 
grown, the latter being of a size and flavor unexcelled, 
commanding a higher price in California than their own 
products. Experiments have recently been made with 
sugar beets, with gratify- 
ing results. 

The climate in this val- 
ley cannot be surpassed 
anywhere in the United 
States, — the thermometer 
seldom going below zero, 
and with very little snow 
in winter, and in the sum- 
mer being never oppres- 
sively warm. The nights 
are always cool. 

The fishing and hunting 
in this valley are especially 
fine, there being a great 
variety of wild game, and 
of trout in the Humboldt 
River. 

It is the intention of 
the owners of these ranches 
to subdivide the property 
into tracts suitable for 
home seekers, and place 
them on the market. Full 
detailed information ma}^ 
be had by addressmg R.L. artesian wkll on the blossom ranch 
Blossom, Battle Mountain, 

Nevada. The corporation also owns some of the finest and 
most profitable gold, silver, lead and copper properties in 
Central Nevada. 




[79] 



Mebius & Drescher Co. 


Why use Brooms made by 


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Prison or Chinese T .abor 


and Wholesale Grocers 

Wholesale Dealers 
in Tobacco, Cigars and Liquors 


when you can get a superior 


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T ,ahor on thi^ Coa ^t'S^^t^^i^ 


Sole Agents : 

Tube Rose Brand Syrup, Fruits, Fish 


-* JL-t L/ \J 1 yj 1 1' t- Ix./ ^ xj V-> L/ t-X J f- ■■ ' — ■ — - 


and Vegetables. 


Your Grocer Sells Them 


Agents : 




Bock & ConipLUiy Clear Havana Cigars. 


Manufactured by 


Agents : 

Pabst Breivhig Cofnpany Milwaukee 
Pabst Export Beer and Blue Rib- 


I'HF A.S.HOPKINS CO. 

SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA 


bon Beer. 






Ask for them please 

Made here from Eastern corn 

Each broom guaranteed 


Sacramento California 




TONOPAH, NEV. 



The Goddess of Gold flew o'er the earth 

And pitied the desert bare ; 
A kiss she pressed on the desert's breast, 

And the wealth of a woild was there. 




ONOPAH, Nevada, is today the objective point not Religious interests are represented by both CathoHc 

only of the working miner and the hordes of mis- and Protestant churches, and an organization formed 



■ cellaneous individuals who flock 

camps, but is also attracting 
representatives of capital from all 
parts of the world. 

Tonopah money and enterprise is re- 
sponsible in a great measure for the dis- 
covery of the many adjacent camps, which 
otherwise might have lain dormant for 
years. 

The story of the discovery of Tonopah 
is too well known to need repetition here. 
It is now four and one-half years since 
the Mizpah vein was located, and Jim 
Butler's little tent has been replaced by a 
well-built city with a population of about 
S,ooo people. The financial needs of the 
citizens are cared for by the Nye and 
Ormsby County Bank and the State Bank 
and Trust Company, both strong financial 
institutions. The streets, stores and many 
private houses are lighted by electricity. 
Abundant and wholesome water is sup- 
plied for all purposes by hydrants from 
the mains of the Crystal Water Company, 
commodations are excellent, and the city 
cafes, which serve first-class meals. 



to new mining 




J.AMES I.. BITLER 



The hotel ac- 
affords several 



by a number of the leading citizens of Tonopah was recently 
perfected, which will provide a public 
library, reading rooms, social rooms and 
a gymnasium. The public schools of the 
town are graded, including a high school, 
and the educational facilities are of the 
best. 

Tonopah is connected with other towns 
of Nevada by railroad, and the accommo- 
dations on this line are first class in every 
respect, and the management caters in 
every way possible to the needs of the 
public. 

To the visitor the town presents a very 
animated appearance, and the wonderful 
activity at the railroad yards, where 
teams of from eight to twenty-two animals 
are transporting various supplies, some 
unloading rich ore in sacks or bulk for 
shipment, presents a picture unequaled 
in any other part of the world. 

Statistics show that the railroad 

brought into Tonopah in the month of 

October over 10,000,000 pounds of general supplies, which 

amount was nearly doubled in the month of November. 

Naturally, one wonders what is the justification for this 



[81] 



vast amount of commerce, and it is the object of this article 
to attempt to set forth the wonderful extent and wealth of 
the great mines upon which this rapidly increasing business 
is founded and firmly established. 

In doing this, we commence with what may be termed 
the pioneer institution of Tonopah — the Tonopah Mining 
Company, owning the first original locations of eight claims 
made by Jim Butler. 

This company commenced operations January i, 1902, 
and has opened up the mine by six shafts sunk to various 
depths, with many drifts and crosscuts, which have devel- 
oped one of the largest mines in America, and for extent of 
ore bodies and their values, it is certainly the richest mine 
in the State of Nevada today. 

The main working shaft, known as the Mizpah No. i, 
has been sunk vertically to a depth of 945 feet, and passed 
through the Mizpah vein at the 600 foot level. The main 
workings, however, are above this level, and below it no 
crosscuts have been run. The deepest point of the workings 
on the vein is 540 feet, where a drift on the hanging wall 
shows that the shipping ore is from 3 to 8 feet wide, but the 
vein has not been crosscut to determine its total width. 

The Desert Queen shaft, 1,350 feet east of the Mizpah 
No. I shaft, has been sunk to a depth of 1,127 feet, and the 
eastern extension of the Mizpah vein is now being developed 
on the 814 level, in the ground of the Tonopah-Belmont 
Development Company. In these eastern workings, the 
Mizpah vein continues of an average width of 6 feet, and 
maintains its regular values — the Belmont mine being a 
regular shipper. The Brougher shaft, 100 feet east of the 
Mizpah No. i, has been sunk to a depth of 700 feet on high- 
grade ore. The Cutting and Lynch shafts, both sunk on 
the Mizpah vein to a depth of 300 feet, are also in high-grade 
ore. While the workings have opened up the great Valley 
View and Mizpah veins, there are three other parallel ledges 
which are of milling grade not opened up. 



The development work on the Tonopah Mining Com- 
pany's mine amounts to more than 2^-^ miles in extent, and 
has practically been entirely in ore. The company has 
estimated the enormous dumps of ore piled up on the sur- 
face at 26,469 tons, with a value of $962,374. The value 
of the ore actually blocked out and in sight in the mine on 
both veins is estimated at $55,000,000. The total output of 
the mine up to the commencement of all rail shipments on 
September 10, 1904, including $4,000,000 shipped by leasers, 
is about $7,300,000, the ore assaying from $100 to $300 per 
ton. Since then the all rail shipments have brought the 
total output to $7,570,000. These shipments would have 
been greatly increased if the railroad had been able to haul 
more ore, as the company has a contract for the delivery of 
100,000 tons of ore to the American Smelting & Refining 
Company at Salt Lake City. 

The mine is equipped with several hoisting plants, air 
drills and substantial surface buildings, and is under the 
management of Frank A. Keith, who has for his superin- 
tendent Alexander Johnson. The future development of_the 
property will include the building of a railroad to the collar 
of Mizpah No. i shaft, the erection of enormous self-loading, 
ore bunkers, and the sinking of another large working shaft 
on the Mipzah vein, about 1,000 feet west. 

Adjoining this great mine on the east are the properties 
of the Tonopah-Belmont Company, comprising 11 claims on 
the west, south and east sides, and a part of the summit of 
Mount Oddie. These are being developed through the 
Desert Queen shaft by the Tonopah Mining Company, and a 
large quantity of shipping ore is being raised and shoots of 
high-grade ore encountered. 

South of and adjoining the Tonopah Mining Company are 
the 17 claims of the Jim Butler Mining Company, under the 
same management as the two previous companies. These 
claims are being opened up by drifts on the 340 and 540 
levels on the Vallev View vein. 



[82] 




ARCHITECTURAL BEAl'TIES OF TONOPAH, NEV. 
No. 1, Dugout ; Nos. 2 and 5, Barrkl Houses ; Nos. 3 and C, Beer Bottle Houses; No. 4, Tonopah Mining Company House. 




-^' "^^*Sl^-*^fc , 



BIRDS'-EYE VIEW OF TONOPAH, NEV. 



Adjoining the Tonopah Mining Company on the north are 
the 15 claims of the Montana-Tonopah Mining Company, 
covering a width of over 4,600 feet across the vein system 
and over 1800 feet on its course. The underground workings 
on these claims amount to 7,000 feet, and the mine still has 
3,400 feet of unexplored territory north which may prove 
as valuable, or more so, than that now being worked. The 
company commenced shipments in May, 1903, one carload 
of 26 tons realizing $8,787 net, and total shipments to date 
amount to $286,000; $50,000 was distributed as a dividend, 
of 5 cents per share, in December, 1903, being the first divi- 
dend paid by a Tonopah mine. The ore blocked out is 
estimated at $3,000,000. The mine has been opened up in 
a thoroughly practical manner by G. F. Badgett, who had 



continuous charge for over two years. The property is well 
equipped with a 50 horse-power steam hoist and dynamo for 
generating electricity to light the mine, work drills, etc. 
There are 15,000 tons of ore on the dump which will yield 
a net profit of $20 per ton. The future plans of the man- 
agement are to sink a new triple compartment shaft, and 
railroad switches have been built so that the ore from this 
shaft can be loaded by gravity, and by another switch all 
supplies will be unloaded in the same manner. It is also 
intended to erect a mill so soon as a treatment process has 
been decided upon. The mine is now under the manage- 
ment of Donald B. Gillies, a well-known mining engineer 
of Butte. Malcolm M. McDonald, also of Butte, is consulting 
engineer. 



[S4] 



^fe-sj/ 



-^ 



,.V(v 



o-yv < 



..^2^ 



MUNTANA-TONOPAH MINING COMPANY'S PROPERTY. 

The company is in a strong financial position, and still 
has 165,000 shares in the treasury unissued. 

Adjoining this great mine on the east j'is the property 
of the North Star Mining Company, owning 5 claims, which 
has a shaft sunk to a depth of 1,085 feet. This mine is 
yielding a fair quantity of shipping ore and large bodies 
of milling ores. A large force of men are now employed 
opening up this meritorious property. 

Another mine which is being actively developed is the 
Rescue, adjoining the Jim Butler Company on the east, 
where the main shaft is down about 400 feet. 

These are the mines which are now developing what may 
be called the master veins of the camp, from which many 
other smaller veins branch out, and still further east the 
Halifax Mining Company has recently cut a vein, not yet 



identified, of low-grade ore. But the greatest amount of 
prospecting is being done on the western extension, where 
the Midway Mining Company has opened up three veins 
with values running from $30 to $120 per ton. 

THE JOHN MCKANE PROPERTIES. 

The most important of the western developments are in 
the properties owned by John McKane, C. M. Schwab, and 
others of Pittsburg, and under the personal management of 
John McKane, who brought to this State for investment the 
millions of the steel trust king. 

This syndicate controls the Golden Anchor Mining Com- 
pany, adjoining the Midway on the west, the mine being 
equipped with a 90 horse-power hoist. It also controls the 




LONE MOUNTAIN DISTRICT. 



[85] 




No. 1, Loading Goldfiki.d Ore in Cars; No. 2, Tonopah Extension ; No. 3. Mizpah Mine Ore Building, Tonopah Mining Company ; No. 4, Tonopah Mining and 

Development Company; No. 5. Midway Mill and Mini:, Tonopah. 



Tonopah-Extension mine, covering the extension of the Miz- 
pah vein, and this is today one of the richest mines in 
Tonopah. Drifts, crosscuts and raises for air bring the total 
amount of underground workings in this mine to over 2,000 
feet. The property is well equipped, and is shipping one 
carload of ore a day from development work, which is graded 
to about $125 per ton. 

In addition to the above, the same people own the Pitts- 
burg-Tonopah, a western extension of the above; shaft, 600 
feet and still sinking; also the Red Rock group, southwest 
of the Tonopah-Extension- 300 foot shaft, still sinking. 
They are also developing the Hasbrouch mine at Gold 
Mountain. Still west of the Pittsburg-Tonopah is the West 
Tonopah, which has just commenced operations. South of 
the Tonopah-Extension is the McNamara mine, which is 



IJTgjf^Mtiyz ;;^»i 



S9 J^^ ^s 






-»= •* - »•. 


■iMt^.-,,:^ 






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■V T- ■ , , ■ . ■ ■ 'f^jB^ 



ST .VIE B,\NK .'VND TRUST COMb'ANW i' 



WE HOPE MIXE.R.W DISTRICT, TON'OPAH. NF.V. 

actively developing a vein of good milling ore, and also the 
Ohio-Tonopah, where nearly 3,00c feet of work has been done. 

Right in the heart of the town is the West End mine, 
owned by F. M. Smith, the " Borax King," where a large 
amount of work has also been done. 

On the south side of Mount Butler are the claims of the 
New England-Tonopah Mining Company, carrying low-grade 
values in gold and silver. The necessary machinery is being 
installed to thoroughly and honestly prospect the large extent 
of territory owned by the company. 

One of the pleasing features of this great camp is the 
lo-stamp mill erected by the Tonopah Mining, Milling and 
Development Company, composed of 20 of the most energetic 
pioneers of the camp, who were interested in leasing in the 
early days, and built this mill to reduce the immense quan- 
tities of lower-grade ores which remained on the dumps 



[87] 




FOREMAN BROS., MINERS' DRUG STORE, TONOPAH, NEV. 

when leasing ceased. The mill is built on a cement foun- 
dation with steel frame, and has space and power for 20 
stamps. It comprises 10 stamps, 2 Huntington Mills, grad- 
ing pans and amalgamation pans. The power for this is 
furnished by a Diesel oil engine operated with California 
crude oil. Not only has the mill successfully demonstrated 
that the o.xidized ores can be treated locally, but it has 
released to the owners of the dumps over $250,000, and is 
today still busily crushing out the precious ores, under the 
efficient management of W. J. Douglas, a practical mill man 
and a pioneer leaser of the camp. 

It was natural that the discoveries at Tonopah should 
have tempted prospectors to scatter to all points of the com- 
pass over this great mineral zone, with the result that there 



are many small camps tributary to Tonopah, of which brief 
mention is made here. 

About si.x miles from Tonopah is the property of the 
Tonopah Crown Point Mining Company, having a strong 
quartz surface vein 4 feet wide, averaging from $60 to $75 
per ton in gold, silver and lead. This property is being 
developed by J. M. Healey, formerly manager of the Tonopah- 
Salt Lake Company. 

Two miles from this property is situated the camp of 
Ray. The most prominent object at this camp is the Clark 
mountain of lime, which rises to a height of 1,400 feet, around 
which the principal mines are located. ' 

The pioneer property is the Ray & O'Brien, owned liy 



T 




iiWI'P' 




KKS111KNC1-; I IF (.KORGE WINGFIELD, TONOPAH, NK\, 



[88] 



the Ray Consolidated Gold Mining Company of Tonopah, of 
which Arthur Kunze is the manager. The main workmg 
shaft has been sunk to a depth of 300 feet, with drifts at 
every 100 foot level on a body of high-grade ore, carrying 
gold, silver and lead, several shipments having been made, 
the ore assaying from $200 to $300 per ton. Another shaft 
has been sunk 265 feet with drifts and crosscuts blocking 
out 20,000 tons of milling-grade ore, which, combined with 
8,000 tons now on the dump, 'will be concentrated at the mine. 

Adjoining this property is the Ray Extension Mining 
Company, which is now sinking a main shaft, and at a depth 
of 200 feet will crosscut to a vein which outcropped on the 
surface and assaved from $34 to $680 per ton in gold and 
silver. 

On the northwest side of Clark Mountain are the 17 
claims of the Mogul Mining Company, under the manage- 
ment of J. V. Priest. The surface indications on all of these 
claims are excellent. The veins are well defined, and the 
property is being opened up from the shaft of the Ray Con- 
solidated, with a drift now in 500 feet. The company is 
about to start a crosscut tunnel a distance of 2,000 feet 
under the summit of Clark Mountain, which will cut a large 
number of ore bodies at different depths, and save the 
expense of hoisting. 

Close to this mine a bed of turquoise has been uncovered 
by Kunze Brothers, and several parcels of gems have been 
sold in the East. 

Another company operating in this district is the "We 
Hope," which is sinking on a vein bearing gold values. The 
entire district is covered with veins, and being near the 
Tonopah and Rye Patch water line, the cost of mining will 
not greatly exceed that of Tonopah. 

Fourteen miles north of this is Liberty, where the old Lib- 
erty mine, owned by the Cramps of Philadelphia, is showing 
large bodies of fine silver ore. The Florence Extension is 
also developing a vein of high-grade ore. 



LONE MOUNTAIN. 

Fourteen miles southwest of Tonopah we find the Lone 
Mountain district, which takes its name from a rugged granite 
peak rising abruptly from the desert. Through the foothills 
on the south and over an area 12 miles in length and 6 miles 
wide, a large number of veins of silver, lead, copper and gold 
ores have been discovered. 

The Nevada Alpine Company, whose properties are on 
the west slope of this mountain, last year shipped $208,000 
of silver lead carbonate ore, and paid $70,000 in dividends. 
It has recently opened up a new body of ore assaying from 
$180 to $300 per ton in lead and silver, shipping two car- 
loads weekly. 

Another producer was the General Thomas mine, owned 
by the Tonopah Belcher Mining Company, which has shipped 
about twenty carloads of lead carbonate ore, netting about 
$37 per ton. A great future is predicted for this district. 

HANNAPAH. 

East of Tonopah 18 miles is the Hannapah mine, owned 
by Samuel Newhouse, where a body of high-grade silver ore 
is now being developed. The operations are much impeded 
by the enormous flow of water. Thirty-two miles east of 
this is 

THE OLD CAMP OF REVEILLE. 

This camp in the '8o's produced over $2,000,000 in silver, 
but for the last ten j^ears has been practically dormant : 
Norman Reischke, almost its sole inhabitant during that 
period, brought about its revival by the discovery of 
the Last Chance mine. This he sold to Thomas J. 
Lynch of Tonopah for $30,000, and it is now owned by 
the Southwestern Nevada Mines Company, composed of 
prominent Tonopah mining men, who are actively develop- 
ing it with a force of 30 men. The old shaft was continued 
by the new owners, opening a remarkable cave, with many 



[89] 



thousands of tons of high-grade ore in sight. About 400 
tons of this ore has been shipped, which, because of its de- 
sirable quahty, costs nothing to treat at the smelters. Other 
properties are being opened up, and there is every reason to 
expect a great revival in this camp. 

GOLD MOUNTAIN. 

Six miles south of Tonopah is the Gold Mountain dis- 
trict, discovered by C. Runge, in September, 1901, the values 
being almost entirely in free-milling gold. 

Many prospect holes have been sunk in this section, but 
the principal working property is the Tonopah Gold Moun- 
tain Company, owning eight claims. The company is 
strongly financed, with George W. Wingfield as general man- 
ager, and Owen Owens as superintendent. A trial shipment 
of three tons of ore was made in April, 1903, which netted 
^535-67. Another body of gold ore has been opened up, 
and about 100 tons shipped, averaging $130 per ton. Mr. 
Owens, the superintendent, has opened up the mine in a 
systematic manner by driving tunnels through the mountain 
from both east and west sides, which will connect, intersect- 
ing the various ore bodies. In driving the east tunnel a 
new vein was cut, averaging from $30 to $70 per ton. Ship- 
ments of higher grade ore are being made, which average 
$130 per ton. Mining experts believe that this mine has a 
great future. 

East of the Gold Mountain is the Gold Reef district, 
where the Free Gold Mining and IVlilling Company, under 
the management of James M. Meighan, are sinking and 
drifting on a vein, assaying from $18 to S90 per ton, gold. 
This mine has flattering prospects. 

South of this property eight miles is the old Klondike 
district, and the Klondike mine is now being worked b}" 
leasers, who are shipping silver ore running over $200 per 
ton. Eight miles east of this is the New Eldorado district, 
discovered October last, carrying gold values on the surface 



running from J18 to $60 per ton. Several parties are ac- 
tively developing their claims here. 

In the foregoing description of Tonopah and its surround- 
ing camps, no attempt has been made to enumerate all the 
prospects which are being actively developed, but the object 
has been to show that Tonopah is almost a generic name 
for one vast mineral zone. 

By reference to the workings and particulars of the largest 
mines, it is demonstrated that as depth is attained the extent 
of the ore bodies increases, the values being well maintained. 
This is especially true of Tonopah, and the many valuable 
mines now being operated emphasize the fact that this is 
not a one-mine camp, and that its permanence as a great 
mining camp is fully assured. 

For four years Tonopah struggled against adverse condi- 
tions, being separated from the railroad by 60 miles of inter- 
vening sand desert. Even the narrow-gauge railroad which 
has since been built has proven inadequate to cope with the 
business brought to it, and is now being converted into a 
broad-gauge road. 

The fuel problem is now being solved by the development 
of large coal deposits at Coaldale, 36 miles west on the rail- 
road, where coal for domestic or smelter purpose is found in 
great quantities. This will furnish cheap fuel to supply all 
demands. 

The construction of many mills to locally treat the vast 
bodies of ore in the mines and on the dumps is now in con- 
templation, and then will come the era of regular dividends. 

Today it is unreasonable to expect all the mines to 
extract their richest ore, and sort, sack and ship it at great 
expense and loss to the stockholders for the mere purpose 
of forcibly paying dividends. 

Tonopah is unquestionably one of the greatest mining 
camps in the world, and undoubtedly there will be discov- 
ered manv more veins of valuable ore. 



[90] 



MR. H. C. CUTTING, president of Tonopah Mining 
Exchange, was born thirty-four years ago in Iowa, 
but came to Nevada so early in life that he 
likes to claim the latter as his native State. He 
was fortunate in being born a poor boy, and his 
extraordinary success has come to him as a result of exceed- 
ingly hard work. "Luck" never contributed to his success. 
Hard work and study tell the story as it has in so many 
cases of our country's best men. While other bovs were 
taking their rest and recreation, he was rising before daylight, 
summer and winter, covering his paper route and, later, when 
he entered the State University, trimming the electric street 
lamps of Reno, — doing work in four hours that his prede- 
cessor had required all day to do. Many a morning at two 
o'clock found him still studying, book in hand, pacing the 

floor to keep awake, when he must 
be up again at four. He with Frank 
H. Norcross and Fred Bristol were 
the first graduates of the Nevada 
State University in 189 1. He 
taught the school at Candelaria 
for three years, was elected State 
Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion at the age of twenty-four, 
the youngest State superinten- 
dent in the United States. Four 
years later, having been admitted 
to the bar, he compiled the present 
laws of the State of Nevada, 
known as Cutting's Code. His en- 
tire savings went into a home for 
his mother. He still owed $1,900 
on it, and went to Tonopah with 
$4 in his pocket to make §2,000, 
to pay off the mortgage and have 
$100 for himself. Jim Butler 




staked him to a lease, the first on the Mizpah ledge. The 
mortgage is paid, Mr. Cutting has the hundred, and 
"then some.' ' Whatever he does he does with enthusiasm and 
thoroughness. He is genial and frank and no one is afraid 
or bashful in his presence. He is friendly disposed and one 
cannot talk with him five minutes without being convinced 
of his absolute sincerity and upright character. 



The Searchlight. 



H. C. CUTTING. 



TN THE western part of Lincoln County, in Southern 
Nevada, is bound to take a prominent place among 
the richest districts in the State. The Quartette, owned 
by Boston capitalists, and the oldest property in the 
district, has a 20-stamp mill at the Colorado River, 
connected with the mine by a railroad, and also 20 stamps 
at the mine. This property is now on a dividend-paying 
basis. Next to the Quartette lies the Good Hope, which is 
proving to be a duplicate of the former, while the Duplex 
Company has a lo-stamp mill operating, and has opened up 
large ore bodies. The Cyrus Todd has made several ship- 
ments of high-grade ore, and is preparing to erect a mill. 
The Santa Fe has been operating under a bond, having mill- 
ing ore from the grass roots and at one hundred and twentv 
feet struck water. The Southern Nevada, owned by New 
York capitalists, is operating a lo-stamp mill. The Blossom 
has some of the richest ore in the district. The Searchlight 
Mining and Milling Company's property, adjoining the Blos- 
som mine, has three distinct separate ledges crossing it ; on 
one a shaft has been sunk 300 feet, demonstrating an 18-foot 
ledge, assaying over $18 per ton. Drifts over 240 feet show 
the same ledge, carrying same values. The Pompeii, the 
most northerly located property in the district, has just devel- 
oped a large ore body at 200 feet level. 



[91] 



New England -Tonopah 
Mining Company 



66 



This property consists of nine 
claims, situated on the Southern 
slope of Mt. Butler, about two 
miles from the Mizpah. Work- 
ing shaft on the Proudholm claim 
down 200 feet ; new shaft on 
the Monitor claim down 80 feet. 
Stringers of quartz carrying values 
in both shafts. Equipped with a 
50 h. p. steam engine with two 
40 h. p. boilers. ■*• ■»• «• ■s* «• ■s» 



99 



Officers and Directors : 

FREDERICK E. ATTEALIX, President 

JOHN P. JONES, First Vice-Pres. GEO. P. OBERIMANN, Second Vice-Pres. 

DUNCAN B. HARRISON, Secretary and Treasurer 

ALBERT A. POPE JACOB RUPPERT, Jr. 

FREDERICK. H. GOTTLIEB WM. H. SEAICH 

C. A. COLEMAN LOUIS LAZARD 



THE NEW IMPROVED 



Huntington Mill 




\\ TilL lib Nji iiiliirni.itiDn about 



Air Compressors and Rock Drills 

Steam Engines and Boilers 

Hoisting Engines 

Steam and Electric Pumps 

Stamp Mills 

Concentrators 

Hydraulic Elevators and Giants 



Rock Breakers and Pulverizers 

Ore Feeders 

Cornish Crushing Rolls 

Ore Bin Gates 

Copper Plates 

Ore Cars and Skips 

Ore and Water Buckets 



Shafting, Pulleys, Belting and Mine Supplies 

Send for Catalogues and Specifications 



21-23 Fremont SI. 



Harron, RicKard S^ McConc sa^FraSc" 



I 



T REMAINED for Harry Stimler and Billy Marsh, 
natives of Nye County, Nevada, two young Tonopah 
prospectors, to discover in the regions now confined 
within the limits of the 
Goldfield Mining district 
what had been overlooked for 
vears by the old desert pros- 
pector. For many years these 
young men have prospected the 
barren hills of Southwest Nev- 
ada, often without means to 
supply themselves with the nec- 
essaries of life. These young 
men were among the first to 
cast their lot in Tonopah, and 
their study of the formations 
of that camp led them to be- 
lieve those vast bodies of ore or 
similar ones were to be found 
not far distant.. The experience 
and success of these two young 
Nevadans should stimulate 
other youths of our country to 
like earnest faithful endeavor. 
Both of these young men are now possessed of comfortable 
fortunes. It was about November lo, 1902, that Stimler and 
Marsh first entered the district now known as Goldfield, and 
camped near what is now known as Rabbit Springs. These 




HARRY STIMLER. 



springs are located one mile southwest of the Combination 
mine, and they immediately located the same, believing that 
they would be able to establish a mining camp. For a long 

time their efforts were grudg- 
ingly rewarded, but finally for- 
tune's wheel turned in their 
favor, and they opened up some 
of the ledges on Columbia 
Mountain, including what is 
now known as the Sandstorm 
and Kendall claims, that have 
since produced hundreds of 
thousands of dollars. They had 
found gold float near where the 
Desert Queen now is, or about 
one mile north of the present 
town of Columbia. In examin- 
ing the surrounding country, 
finding free gold, they made 
nineteen locations, and return- 
ing to Tonopah with samples 
which assayed $12 in gold, they 
then returned to their camp, 
making more locations on Col- 
umbia Mountain, including the now famous Kendall claim, 
as well as the Sandstorm. They named the district Grandpa, 
which, after the Combination was discovered, was changed 
to Goldfield. The following April they took other specimens 



WM. A. M.\RSH. 



[93] 




BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF GOLDFIELD, NEV. 



to Tonopah, which, on being assayed, were found so rich 
and the fact becoming pubHc, a stampede followed — many 
of the prospectors going on foot or with burros, en route to 
the new field. What they found has become history, and 
no attempt will be made in this brief article to follow them 
in their hopes, privations and successes, suffice it to say 
their steadfast zeal has opened up one of the greatest store- 
houses of wealth the world has ever known. The discovery 
of Goldfield, with that of Tonopah two years previous, and 
with the wonderful discoveries that have since been made 
in the surrounding districts, has opened up the largest mineral 
region in the United States, and will undoubtedly place 



Nevada at the head of the column in the output of pre- 
cious metals of the world. 

The Goldfield mineral zone is five miles in length and nearly 
two miles in width, and lies in the form of a horseshoe. 
The most northern point is Black Butte, near Diamondfield, 
and the zone extends from this point westward, including 
in its ratio the Quartzite, Vernal, Daisy, Palace, Greatbend, 
Goldfield, Tonopah, Tonopah Club, Adams, Vindicator, to 
the Sandstorm ; thence south to Columbia Mountain, where 
we find the January, Combination, Jumbo, Florence, St. Ives, 
Velvet, and scores of other properties. Easterly to Blue 
Bull are Lone Star and other meritorious properties. Within 



[94] 







^?^^ ^i^e 



No. 1, BtTTE Mine, Goldfield District ; No. 2, Ore Sacked for Shipment, Goldfield ; No. 3, Foundation for Co.mbination Mill ; 

No. 4, Combination Ore Ready for Shipment. 



this circle surface values are to be found nearly everywhere, 
the only question being which is the best place to begin 
work. Nearly all of the country lying within this area is 
considered good mining ground. There have been made 
many fabulous strikes within this known zone. Eighteen 
months since this camp was a desert, while today it is a 
veritable gold field — as the following record of production to 
December i, 1904, of shipping and milling ore amounts to 
the grand total of $3,658,000. 

The following is a list of properties with their productions 
opposite raised with the least physical effort known in min- 
ing history : 

Jumbo ( shipping ore) ^1,200,000 

Jumbo (milling ore) 250,000 

Combination (shipping ore) 500,000 





LOCATION MONUMENT ON SILVER BELL, NO. 1. 



Combination (milling ore) 350,000 

Tamary (shipping ore) 250,000 

Tamary ( milling ore) 385,000 

Florence (shipping ore) 350,000 

Florence (milling ore) 50,000 

Kendall (shipping ore) 125,000 

Kendall (milling ore) 100,000 

St. Ives 50,000 

Ouartzite zo,ooo 

Velvet 10,000 

Tonopah Club 8,000 

Vernal No. 2 5,000 

Lone Star 5, 000 

Clermont 5, 000 

Besides these mines mentioned, there are at least twenty 
others in progress of creation, with good ore on the dumps, 
including both shipping and milling values. Many of them 
promise as well as those already named. 

[96] 




Jumbo Mining Company, Goldfield, Nev.; Ore Assayed as High as $250,000 Per Ton. 



Five towns, with an aggregate population of probably 
8,000 inhabitants, have sprung up: Goldfield, Columbia, 
Diamondfield, Jumbo and Milltown. The first two are the 
principal towns. Lumber has been very difficult to get, and 
at present a majority of the population are living in tents, 
but these are rapidly giving place to lumVjer and adobe and 
in several places to business houses and residences of stone 
of very substantial character — one, a two-story stone build- 
ing that cost $15,000. 

Nearly every branch of business is represented and prices 
are not exorbitant. There is abundance of water sufficient 
for domestic purposes ; that from Rabbit Springs is especially 
of good quality. An electric light plant is being installed, a 
brewery is being built and a system of sewerage is being 
inaugurated; there is a telegraph and telephone system con- 
nected with Tonopah, two banks and another large stone one 
in course of construction, a Wells, Fargo & Company express 



office, which does an astonishing business every day. An 
ice plant, cold storage and steam laundry and all other mod- 
ern conveniences will be added as rapidly as possible. Gold- 
field and Columbia have live weekly newspapers, the Goldfield 
A^eivs and Goldfield Review respectively, and by sending a 
subscription to either or both of these papers you will be 
assured of having the latest reliable information of these 
camps. A public school has been established and churches 
and Sunday schools organized. The police regulations are 
very efficient, and all of the towns are as orderly as older set- 
tlements. 

Captain John A. Hassell, a mining writer of extended rep- 
utation of South Africa, formerly consulting engineer of Cecil 
Rhodes, and now largely interested in Goldfield, states that 
"for its age and possibilities Goldfield stands preeminently 
alone." The early shipments of ore had to be hauled eighty 
miles to Sodaville and today twenty-eight miles to Tonopah. 



[97] 



All this will be changed when the contemplated railroad from 
Tonopah will have been finished : the surveys have been 
made and the road will be immediately pushed through to 
completion. When finished, a growth of unusual character 
is assured. The momentous question of the investor and 
mining man is: Are the mines permanent — will they go 
down? Captain J. A. Hassell further says, "Some will and 
some will not, in the usual ratio." 

When this camp was first examined, it was turned down, 
and so was Johannesburg, South Africa, and by eminent 
men. A glance at the old files will give an idea of the 
adverse criticism of the famous Comstock in its early days, 
and later Cripple Creek, Colo., Bisbee and Jerome, Ariz., and 
Tonopah measure these criticisms with the actual result. 
The ores of Goldfield which have reached a depth of 300 feet 
have all turned from an oxide into a sulphide ; this is strong 
evidence of permanency. Any other theory is without war- 
rant. I will say the mines will always go down where the 
ore turns into the sulphide (and all others may go down 
even though they do not turn into sulphides). The Com- 
bination is down 315 feet, and the ore is now entirely sul- 
phide; the Florence, 250 feet, and its ore bodies better 
defined maintaining their size and values; the January is 
down 235 feet, and in the lower workings there are seven 
distinct veins, with the same result, and the same remarks 
apply to the Jumbo at 200 feet. And so on down the line 
we find the St. Ives, Kendall, Tonopah Club, Florence and 
many other steady producers, and all holding their own 
with depth. In some cases holes of only twenty feet have 
yielded over $10,000, in high-grade shipping ore ranging from 
hundreds to thousands of dollars per ton. The question 
then seems to find a ready response. If there is any uncer- 
tainty of the mines going down, it is at least a satisfaction 
that some of them have already produced fortunes on the 
surface, and a happier augury of the future that they do not 
show a sign of exhaustion. 



This camp is unique, comparable in measure only with 
some of the great placer diggings, in that the mines give 
promise of yielding their owners a fortune during their life- 
time, — better still were they only quarries instead of deep 
level mines. Hence it is safe to say that the average mortal 
prefers a fortune during a lifetime instead of waiting until 
near death to see the fruition of his enterprise. The Gold- 
field discussed is but a small affair compared to what it 
promises to be. It is situated in the center of a great min- 
eral zone extending for many miles on all sides, from the 
Comstock on the north to the Amorgossa Valley on the 
south. There are a score of good pa\'able mines idle 
today only awaiting capital and energy to yield their 
golden stream. From Mexico we hear of American capital 
pouring in to take up and work low-grade mines of $S and 
|io per ton, while in Nevada there are scores of mines run- 
ning over $15 per ton idle for want of capital. With the 
advent of Goldfield much of this will be changed, and this 
great camp being the richest producer of this vast zone, 
will undoubtedly become the center or base of operations. 
To the north, east, south and west new and promising 
camps are springing into being. Truly the name is no mis- 
nomer, and lucky is Nevada to have this new jewel added 
to her laurels. 

We will now mention a few of the many meritorious 
properties in this district, beginning with the Blue Bull Min- 
ing Company, owners of eight claims adjoining the Com- 
bination on the east and Lone Star on the north. A strike 
was recently made on the Simmerane Fraction which pro- 
duced ores assaying 216 ounces in gold per ton. The same 
cropping and leads run through the Kee and Pig claims of 
the Blue Bull Company, and 2 '4 ounces in gold have been 
obtained from the surplus dirt of the Kee claim. Leasers 
on the Iron Dike claim have uncovered a ledge that, after 
removing 12 inches of top soil, assayed $29 in gold, and 
have now commenced sinking a 50-foot shaft on the ledge. 



[98] 




J"^','v 







0^ 



No. I, ToNOPAH Clib Mine; No. 2, Location of Recent Rich Strike, Sandsiorm .Mine; No, j. Ore Team at sandstorm. 



The Blue Bull Dike, running 800 feet across the Pig and 
Blue Bull claims, is one of the most promising and continu- 
ous outcrops in the district. This property is crossed at fre- 
quent intervals by leads running at right angles, and is 
intersected by the Lone Star lead that is producing high- 
grade shipping ore. This property has been extensively 
prospected by trenching. One 50-foot shaft has been sunk 
and another started, both of which show ore of good value. 
Altogether nearly enough work has been done on the Blue 
Bull claims to obtain a patent, which the owners will soon 
secure. The officers and directors are O. H. Ramsey, presi- 
dent; Clay Peters, vice-president and manager; H. C. Morris, 
secretary, treasurer and superintendent; T. F. Dunnaway 
and George S. Nixon. 

The Jumbo Mining Company is owned bv J. McKane, 
C. D. Taylor, H. Taylor, Geo. McClellan and Geo. Kernick. 
This property has been exploited by leases and has, in the 
aggregate, produced more than any other property at Gold- 
field, and has done more, perhaps, to bring fame to the 
camp than any other one factor. All the work on this 
property has been done practically by leases. The Bowes- 
Kernick lease is said to be hoisting $15,000 worth of ore per 
day, and it is predicted that at the expiration of the lease 
the sum extracted will reach at least $1,500,000. From one 
pocket approximately 7x7x3 feet, §36,000 was extracted. 
The veins vary from the different leases from a few inches 
to twenty feet in width. 

One hundred and fifteen tons were shipped to Selby dur- 
ing October from the Zinn lease that yielded $50,000. Con- 
siderable milling ore is also on the dump. The Florence 
is another of the best properties in Goldfield. The lease 
held by J. P. Sweeney, F. Fathem, W. W. Elkins and G. W. 
Durgin has been one of the most productive of the district. 
Ore was discovered by Mr. Sweeney on the property last 
November, and after an ineffectual attempt to buy it, it 
was finally leased last January, work immediately beginning. 



and shipping ore was extracted from the start. The ore 
shoot rose to almost a point within 15 feet of the surface, 
and at each level below it has lengthened uniformly until 
on the 200-foot level it is about 50 feet long with a strong 
vein four to six feet wide. Altogether about $250,000 has 
been extracted. While production goes on at the rate of 
200 to 300 sacks per day, there is an abundance of good 
milling ore on the dump. The ore shipped averages about 
$300 a ton. About sixty men are employed on three shifts. 
The ore is being shipped to the Western Ore Purchasing 
Company at Reno, and to Salt Lake. 

This brings us to the property of the Goldfield Mining 
Company, made famous by the strike on the January. A 
lease was taken on the January claim the 7th of last Janu- 
ary by L. L. Patrick and John Jones, one-third each, the 
remaining third being held by B. J. Riley and Z. Kendall. 
January 22d ore was struck, and there has been shipped to 
date ore to a net value of $310,000, with eight or nine thou- 
sand tons of milling ore on the dump, clearing an average 
value of $40 per ton. Nothing is shipped carrying less 
than $100 per ton, and all shipped has averaged $200 and 
better. An assay office is connected with the mine, 
and shipments are closely checked. The officers of the 
Goldfield Mining Company are R. L. Johns, president; 
H. H. Clark, vice-president; H. F. Bragdon, secretary; A. G. 
Eisen, treasurer. 

The St. Ives is another property of merit. It adjoins 
the Algea group on the west, the Paloverda Fraction of 
the Jumbo Extension Company on the south, and lies 
within a few feet of the east line of the Jumbo Mining 
Company. There have been two strikes on the property, 
and rich ore has been found, shafts have been sunk, and 
ore is now being sacked which assays several hundred 
dollars per ton. 

From the St. Ives is but a short step to the Velvet 
Mining Company, on which are several leases. No. i lease 



[100] 




-r^^^..,....:- 




' '■'■ '-■~-iW«»'«5St. 4 



•iiu^uaSiai^ 



■'"^''■"'■"" - ^ 



COMBINATION MINE. 



is being worked by Messrs. Ricker, Shea and Taylor. 
Other leases on the property are also being developed. The 
owners of this property are principally San Francisco 
people who paid, as we are informed, $100,000 for the 
majority interest, and the property has fully met all their 
expectations. 

The Vernal Mining Company has several very valuable 
claims located within the rich mineral belt in the Diamond- 
field district adjoining the Black Ant property and the 
Vernal No. 2 claim, where $500 ore is being sacked by the 
lessees. Four leases are being worked on this property. At 
the present time there are two shafts on the main ledge, 
one 40 and one 90 feet in depth ; sensational values have 
been found, but not in quantity sufficient to be termed a 
strike. The Vernal can be classed as one of the best located 
properties in the Diamondfield district. The officers of this 



company are Key Pittman, president; A. S. Watson, vice- 
president; H. B. Lind, secretary; Nye and Ormsby County 
Bank, treasurer. 

The Tonopah Club property, together with the Bonanza, 
constitutes the property of the Conqueror Mining Company. 
Messrs. Weber, Ish, Heubach, Wingfield and Hennessy are 
the principal stockholders. The large ledge recently discov- 
ered exceeds all expectations of the owners, gold having 
been found outside the limits of what was formerly consid- 
ered the foot wall at intervals of about sixty feet in width. 
Henry Weber has assumed the management of the mine, and 
reports that the showing is much better than he had antici- 
pated. On the Bonanza claim the ledge has been exposed in 
several open cuts, and a force of men are now engaged in 
exploring the same. This claim is also showing up very 
satisfactory, and the management are much gratified with it. 



[lOl] 



The Sandstorm group occupies a position just north of 
Columbia Mountain, between two hills. The northernmost 
claim of the group is now the property of the Kendall 
Mining Company, 300 feet of which are under lease to T. L. 
Oddie and M. C. Gardner, Jr., known as the Sandstorm lease. 
A one-fourth interest in the lease is held jointly by J. Duf- 
field, Geo. W. Richard and M. E. Ish. The rich deposit on 
this lease was found within 50 feet of its south end line ; soil 
gathered on the surface netted $8,800 per ton. One ship- 
ment of 15 tons of ore netted S8o,ooo. Nothing has been 
shipped under $250 per ton. A large force of men are con- 
stantly employed. A gasoline hoist is in operation, and a 
shaft is being sunk by contract, where a blind ledge has 
been encountered carrying values from $50 to $80. The 
ledge matter is an altered rhyolite, through which run quartz 
veins carrying free gold in an iron oxide matrix. This prop- 
erty' is considered one of the best in the district. 

M. C. Gardner, Jr., Percy Gardner and others have machin- 
ery for a lo-stamp mill now in transit which will be installed 
at Columbia as a custom mill. It is expected to be in oper- 
ation by February i, 1905. Water for this will be supplied 
by a company of Eastern capitalists. This plant will involve 
an outlay of about §200,000, and will have a capacity of 
500,000 to 700,000 gallons per day. This will take care of 
the milling values not only of the Sandstorm, but of the 
many other properties in the district. 

The officers of the Sandstorm Mining Company are com- 
posed of the following gentlemen: J. L. Butler, president; 
T. W. Kendall, vice-president; H. H. Brown, secretary; E. 
L. Mimms & Co. , fiscal agent. 

The Diamondfield Gold Mining Company is officered as 
follows: T. L. Oddie, president: G. S. Nixon, vice-president; 
A. S. Watson, secretary; Jack Davis, mine manager. This 
company owns three fractional claims of aboiit 35 acres in 
all — the Harvey, Daisy and Ouartzite, This property is 
located in the Diamondfield district adjoining the Black Butte, 



Jumbo Extension, Goldfield Daisy and the Vernal No. 2 claim. 
This property has come into great prominence through the 
strike on the Riley lease on the Ouartzite Fraction, where 
they struck a 32-foot ledge, assaying clear across its surface 
over $150 per ton. This ledge has been opened up on the 
surface and shows nearly everywhere values almost sensa- 
tional; the quartz croppings on the hill are enormous, and 
assavs justify the statement that nearly all can be milled 
at a profit. This property was recently organized by 
Mr. Albert S. Watson, secretary, and through his active 
operations, it is rapidly advancing to the front in the list of 
Goldfield bonanzas. 

The Kendell group is another property on which the 
Oddie-Gardner lease disclosed such marvelous values as to 
induce its owners to incorporate the same. It comprises 
three claims adjoining on the north the Sandstorm prop- 
erty, — the ore being sacked and containing rock assaying 
from $300 to $1,400 per ton, each sack containing several 
hundred dollars. About 40 square feet of the surface ground 
was cleaned and sacked to a depth of 18 inches, which 
carried large values in coarse gold and nuggets. The shaft 
has opened up a seven-foot ledge at surface, and at the 
50-foot level at both points, assays run into the thousands. 
Should these values prove permanent with depth, this 
alreadv fabulous strike will eclipse all others in the camp. 

The Goldfield Daisy Syndicate owns three claims at 
Diamondfield adjoining the Great Bend Group, and Vernal 
No. 2, with the Jumbo on the west. This property is well 
located and possesses a number of ledges from which many 
good assays have been obtained. There are two shafts 
being sunk by leasers, and the showing has been sufficient 
to justify a continuation of the development work. 

The Jumbo Extension Mining Company is a property of 
unusual merit, owning two claims and two fractions very 
desirably located and adjoining the Diamondfield Gold Min- 
ing Company, the Black Butte and the Goldfield Daisy at 



[102] 




RAY & O'BRIEN MINE 

Diamondfield. All claims on this property are being actively- 
developed both by the company as well as by leasers. Each 
claim and fraction is surrounded by properties that have 
given the greatest strikes in the district. The officers consist 
of Key Pitman, president; Albert S. Watson, vice-president, 
and H. B. Lind, secretary. 

The Empire Mining Company is pronounced by e.xperts 
to be very valuable. It adjoins the Lone Star on the north 
and consists of one claim and three fractions, owners, Messrs. 
Weber, Ish, O'Brien and Mitchell. Two leases are being 
worked and the company is developing its property by 
trenches and a shaft. On one of these claims, the Silver Tip 
No. lo, one of the finest strikes in the district, was recently 
made in the shaft, gold running from $8.00 to $356.00 per 



ton, which now proves from additional work to average 
$100 per ton, thus making good shipping ore. 

The Goldfield Black Butte Mining Company is developed 
l)y tunnel and shaft, and carries a large body of milling ore 
which is improving with depth, affording the hope that it 
may also soon become a shipping proposition. 

The officers of The Black Ants Mining Company are 
A. L. Dougherty, president; Henry Weber, secretary and 
treasurer. The company owns several mining claims; The 
Macey No. i, Macey Fraction, Black Ant, and Independence 
Lode. This property adjoins the Vernal Group at Diamond- 
field. Work is being actively advanced, with fair results. 



NE 



LODGING 



vada 



nousE 




A LEAUlNi; HOI tL AT GOLDKIELU, NtV. 



[103] 



The Goldfield Diamond Mining Company: Henrv Weber, 
president; J. F. Mitchell, vice-president; P. L. Griffin, secre- 
tary; Tonopah and Goldfield Trust Company, treasurer; 
Kenneth Donnelan & Co., fiscal agents. This property adjoins 
on the south the Jumbo Extension, on the east the Spokane 
Mining Company, and on the west the Black Butte ; is in 
excellent hands, and should have a good future. 

Between Goldfield and Columbia there is a group of 
twelve claims owned by G. S. Phoenix. With a 150-fool 
shaft and 400 feet of cross-cutting, he has developed several 
fair ledges and opened up some milling ore. The property 
is known as the Esmeralda Mining Company- 

The Bull Frog Mine syndicate of Bull Frog district, lying 
south of Goldfield about 80 miles, are owners of Bull Frog 
No. I and No- 2, and a water claim, owners, J. W. McGal- 
liard, W. Detch, W. Fray, E. Cross, R. Lanka and P. O'Brien, 
each holding a one-sixth interest- The ledge cropping is 
no feet long and of unknown width- Assays on the sur- 
face have run from a few dollars into the thousands per ton. 
The owners expect a low-grade milling proposition to be 
realized from it- Four and a half miles east of Bull Frog 
is the Bull Frog Mining Company- The original Benson and 
Ladd strike carries values throughout. H. H- Clark of the 
January mine is a large stockholder- Other properties in 
this district are assaying well, having strong ledge matters- 
There are a store and tents at Bull F'rog, and about 300 men 
are estimated to be in the district, with the number daily 
increasing- Three springs have been developed about three 
miles above the town, and water-pipes are now being laid. 

The first year of Goldfield's existence was practically 
finished December i, 1904, though active development was 
not begun until February. The showing during this time 
is a grand total of $3,658,000. When one considers that 
the mines giving this enormous return are only a few of 
the many mines of the district, one may well wonder what 
the next year will bring forth. 



The greatest surface pannings ever made in any mining 
camp is the wonderful record of this, the greatest mining 
district ever known in the world's history. 

FACTS TO BE CONSIDERED. 

1. It is the greatest gold camp ever discovered. 

2. It has produced more gold in one year than Cripple 
Creek in three. 

3. It is located in a State ranking third in gold pro- 
duction, with a great possibility of taking first place in 1905. 

4. It is the poor man's camp, where millions are not 
necessary to take out the hidden treasure. 

5. Mining can be done all the year round, as the 
climate is fine, dry and healthy. 

6. Great strikes are of daily occurrence, and may 
strike "any man's" mine "any day," therefore stocks 
owned in any mine may be worth a fortune tomorrow. 

G. W. Ingalls. 



H. W. KNICKERBOCKER 

PROSPECTOR 

Goldfield, ::: Nevada 



I have been in Goldfield since its birth and know every 
foot of ground in the district. I own claims in different 
parts of the mineral belt and will sell on reasonable terms. 
: : Correspondence solicited. : : 

References: State Bank & Trust Co., Goldfield, Nev. ; H. E. Wood- 
ward, Aspen, Colo.; H. J. Newman, Colorado Springs, Colo. 



[104] 



Lovelock Land and Development 
Company. 

ONE of the most commendable of the private enter- 
prises in the State is that of The Lovelock Land 
and Development Company, composed of the fol- 
lowing members: George S. Nixon, president; J. 
H. Thies, vice-president; R. C. Moore, secretary; 
Joseph Hill, H. Stoker, W. C. Noteware and F. M. Lee, direc- 
tors. This is a work of which the simplicity and logic has 
been demonstrated in a gratifying manner the past summer 
through fine crops. It seems strange that the project has not 
been in operation long before. However, the example set 
by them is being followed repeatedly in other sections of 
the State. This company owns a ranch of 20,000 acres in 




CAMP NO. 1 OF THE LOVELOCK LAND AND DEVELOPMENT CO. 
Situated in the center of their rancli, stiovring the canal and laterals, four miles from the reservoir. 




WASTE-GATE OF THE RESERVOIR OFTHE LOVELOCK LAND & DEVELOPMENT CO. 
Through this passes all waste or water not needed by the Company for their purposes. 

the lower end of the Lovelock Valley, in Humboldt County 
Old lake beds have been utilized as natural reservoirs, and 
the water of the Humboldt River is restrained b}^ means of 
simple dams. The main canal of this company's system is 
seven miles long, and there are fifty miles of ditches. A good 
idea of the abundance of water under their control is gained 
from the accompanying cut, showing the waste-gate of the 
reservoir, through which passes all the water not needed by 
the company for their purposes. A section of the canal and 
its laterals is shown in another cut. This is Camp No. 2, 
and is situated in about the center of the ranch, four miles 
from the reservoir. 

The first crop raised under this system of irrigation has 
proved very flattering. About 1,800 acres of land were sowed 
to wheat. A crop averaging nearly sixty bushels to the acre, 
of a superior quality, was harvested and disposed of at 
good figures to the Riverside Flour Mills, at Reno, Nev. 
The wheat in this section is noted for its fine quality, and 



[105] 





A BIG HAXVKSIER WITH JZ HORSES, CUTTING, THRESHING, MEASURING 
AND SACKING WHEAT 

was awarded a gold medal at the Chicago Exposition. Fifty- 
five thousand tons of alfalfa were cut in this valle}' the past 
season, and find a ready market at good prices. 



The Wisconsin Gold Mining Company. 

The property of the Wisconsin Gold Mining Company is 
located in Sierra County, Cal., and needs small additional 
capital to finish and make a dividend-payer. No shares 
ever offered before on this property. Will sell for the next 
two months a limited amount of stock at lo cents per 
share, par value Si.oo, full paid and non-assessable. Devel- 
opment work done cost over $40,000. 

Address for further information or with remittance, pay- 
able to the Wisconsin G. M. Co., Box 625, Reno, Nev. 

N. B. This property has no frills, is being honestly 
managed, and is gilt-edged, the only aim being to make a 
quick dividend-payer. 



EVERYTHING for SCHOOLS 

School Trustees and Teachers can 
get from us everything in the line of 

School Furniture, School Apparatus, 
School Supplies 

Also Library, School and Teachers' 
Books, Busy Work and Primary Aids 

We have the most catalogues issued in the West. 
Send tor them and state which ones are wanted. 
Let us send vou estimates on CHURCH FUR- 
NITURE, OPERA & FOLDING CHAIRS 

THE WHITAKER & RAY COMPANY 

711 Mission Street SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



ED. J. WALSH 

The Nevada Bov 



For the Best Groceries, Hardware, Crockery 



Carson City, 



Nevada 



[106] 



The Rocky Mountain Securities Company 

of Denver, Colorado 

E. N. BURR, Presiaent W. L. WILSON, Secretary and Treasurer 

Respectfully invites the investing public to carefully investigate all stocks 
before they invest. Then make a thorough investigation ot the Goldfield 
stocks offered by us, such as the Goldfield Coming Nation Gold Mines Com- 
pany and the Goldfield Double Eagle Gold Mines Company; the location ot 
each, the merit of the property, and the main point, the officers and 
directors under whose management a company's failure or success largely 
depends. We are recognized among the largest oil and gas producers in 
Kansas, where we have made money for our tnajiy investors during the past 
year. We believe we can do the same in Goldfield. We purchase outright, 
promote and develop our own properties. So join hands with a class of men 
who know how to take .money and make money with it for their clients. 

Our References : 

National Bank or Commerce, Denver, Colo. S. E. Vermilvea (our Goldfield counsel), Goldticld, Nev. 

The Western Bank, Denver, Colo. Judge Collins, Goldfield, Nev. 

State Bank and Trust Co., Goldfield, Nev. James Mitchell, Mining Engineer, Goldfield, Nev. 

The G. S. Johnson Brokerage Co., Goldfield, Nev. 

LOOK US UP Majestic Building, Denver, Colorado LOOK US UP 



TONOPAH, 

THE GREATEST MINING CAMP 

IN THE WORLD 



PALACE HOTEL 



KENDALL & REILLY 



"W' 



TONOPAH, NEVADA 



Pioneer Livery Stables 

Tonopah and Columbia 

Nevada 

Fine Turnouts, Saddle Horses, etc., at 

Reasonable Rates 

Hay, Grain and Wood for Sale 



Hacks lea\'e Columbia every hour 
tor Goldrteld and the mines 



W. j. Sinclair, Proprietor 



Pioneer 
Livery, Feed and Sale Stables 

Lower M in Street 

Special attention paid transient stock 

Job Wagon for town work 

Water delivered to any part of the town in quantities to suit 

We sell only pure soft spring water 

Free corral to teamsters 



Parties desiring to prospect the surrounding country can secure 
teams at special rates. All business promptly attended to and the 
patronage of the community solicited. Fair and square dealing 
our motto. 



Buy a Lot in 

Phenix Addition 



The best located property in 
Goldfield. Broadway seventy- 
five feet wide, running straight 
from Goldfield to Columbia. 
All travel from the mines and 
Tonopah must come through 
this property. ^ ^ft) ^ :^ ^ 



All Mining Claims tor Lease or Bond 
Mining Stocks 

Call on or address G. S. Phenix, Goldfield, Nevada 



Highest Cash Price Paid for Gold, Silver, Copper and Lead Ores 



The Western 
Ore Purchasing Company 

CHAS. SNYDER, Manager 
Reno, Nevada 



buyers for 
The American Smelting and Refining Co. 



Samples Representing Tonnage will be Tested Free of Charge 
Write for Railroad Billing Instructions 



RoBT. B. Todd 



M. HOHN 



Todd-Hohn & Company 

Goldfield, Nevada 

Assavers, Chemists 
Mining Mill Men 

Test by all processes any kind of ore 

Bullion retorted and refined 

Ore purchased from mining companies or 
owners of mines 

Work done promptly, results guaranteed 

Location notices 

Come and see us 



Sample Sacks, etc., furnished 



A full line of" Assay Supplies 



PALM GRILL 



FLANNERY & PERRY 

PROPRIETORS 



Main Street, Goldfield, Nevada 




This grill is not surpassed in equipment or furnishings by any 
other on the Coast ; its chef one of the best. All the delicacies of 
the season constantly on hand. The 6oc dinner, with the fine 
orchestra discoursing choice music, with the brilliant lights, showing 
the handsome appointments and the beautiful paintings, " genuine 
works of art," adorning the xvalls, — all combined make an impression 
not soon forgotten. And the pi-ice not as high as the same service and 
the same surroundings would cost in any of our large cities. A visit to 
this hostelry will be a revelation to the metropolitan city man. 

Don't fail to visit the Grill when in Goldrield 



Crystal Water Company 

Incorporated under the Laws of Nevada 
Capitalization 100,000 shares, par value $1.00 

Principal Office, Tonopah,Nev. 



vv. 



Location of wells, four miles 
from Tonopah; the present 
capacity is 100,000 gallons 
a day, and is being rapidly 
increased by development. 
Mains and pipes throughout 
the town and to hoisting 
plants completed. <^ ^ ^ 

Now earning dividends 



Officer i iind Directors 

URI B. CURTIS, President 
SINCLAIR, Vice-President GEO. H. LEWIS, General Manayer 

THOS. R. BANNERMAN, Secretary and Treasurer 
F. S. SAMUELS 



Goldfield 

Bargains in Real Estate yielding 
forty to fifty per cent annually 

Mines and Stocks at Bargain Prices 

Our motto is "make money for investors" 

Write for weekly reports 



Xi^/ 



Elliott, Williams & Colburn 

Goldfield, Nevada 



«. GOLDFIELD «. 

Is rapidty becoming the greatest gold producing district ever known. The 
opportunities for investment at the present time are phenomenal, but 

DO NOT INVEST 

In any stocks until you are in possession of authentic information as to the 
merits thereof. 

OUR FREE MARKET LETTER 

contains the reports as made by our own experts who are continually in the field 
watching every development of the camp. Write for it, or for any information 
you may desire. 

We are not promoters, but independent, unprejudiced brokers, and will protect 
your interests. You can always keep thoroughly posted on the companies in this 
camp by letting us put your name on our mailing list, receiving our weekly mar- 
ket letter absolutely free. 

DO NOT INVEST IN ANY GOLDFIELD STOCKS 
UNTIL YOU RECEIVE OUR MARKET LETTER 

THE G. S. JOHNSON BROKERAGE COMPANY, 
Mining Exchange Building : : GOLDFIELD, NEVADA 



GET A HOME IN SPARKS 

^The wonderful new railroad town of Nevada. 
^Fortunes have been made in Real Estate and 
the prices are still low. CI Acre villa sites in the 
Beautiful Prater Tract at the price of town lots 
in other additions. ^Also one hundred fine 50 
and 40 foot lots at low prices. CI Bargains in all 
parts of Sparks. »iW»!»!»iWW»!»!St!» 




THE SPARKS REALTY COMPANY 

SOLE AGENTS FOR THE PRATER TRACT 
AND RELIABLE DEALERS IN REAL ESTATE 



The Eureka County Bank 



Oscar J. Smith, President Reno 

Bert L. Smith, Vice-President Elko 

J. H. HoEGH, Vice-President Eureka 

W. E. Griffin, Cashier Eureka 

H. F. GoLDiNG, Assistant Cashier Eureka 

R. H. Mallett, Cashier Elko 

John Sparks, Director Reno 



Capital, $100,000 General Banking Business 

YOUR PATRONAGE SOLICIIED 
ELKO AND EUREKA NEVADA 



A. A. Rheupe 



A. iVI. Bri 



BRITT & RHEUDE 



Proprietors 



Reno Bottling Works and Buffalo 
Beer Depot 




Buffalo Keg and Bottled Beer and Porter, 
Ruhstaller's Steam Beer and Porter, Manu- 
facturers OF Carbonated Beverages, Agents 
FOR Cook's Mineral Water. Flasks, Corks, 
SvpHONS, Bromo Kola and Syrups .... 



Third and Ralston Streets 
Telephone Red 21 1 Reno, Nevada 



Washoe County Bank 

RENO, NEVADA 

Capital Fully Paid-up - - $500,000.00 
Surplus Fund ----- 100,000.00 

A General Banking Business Transacted 

Exchange Department — Issue Travelers and Commercial Letters 

of Credit. Drafts and Money Orders Available to all Pans of 

the World 
Savings Department — Pay Interest at the Rate of 3'/ Per Cent 

Per Annum on Deposits 
Insurance Department — We Insure Property Against Loss by Fire, 

Representing Ten Leading Insurance Companies 

OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS 

Geo. W. Mapes President 

M. E. Warp Vice-President 

F. M. Rowland Vice-President 

C. T. Bender Cashier 

C. H. Taylor Assistant Cashier 

A. H. Manning Director 

H. M. Martin Director 

D. A. Bender Director 

WE SOLICIT YOUR BUSINESS 



The Rocky Mountain Securities Company 

of Denver, Colorado 

Is a Corporation managed by the following Officers: 

E. N. Burr, President; Wm. L. Wilson, Secretary and Treasurer 

Directors: E. N. Burr, W. L. Wilson and 

James Faulkener 

THIS company is composed ot experienced financiers, who are familiar 
with mining and oil properties, and who enjoy the confidence of a 
large clientage, including leading Colorado and Eastern capitalists. 
They have spent many months in the study of Goldfield mining 
properties, and have financed several companies owning a large num- 
ber of claims which are close to some of the best paying mines in the Goldfield 
district. Among these properties is that of the Goldfield Double Eagle Gold 
Mines Co., which is in the gold producing belt, and has strong veins of good 
surface values, constituting what, in some camps, would be a good mine, and 
which will, it is reasonable to predict, soon make a steady producer. 



Hall, Luhrs & Co. 
Wholesale Grocers 
^ ^ Sacramento 's^ -s- 



Proprietors and Distributors 

of the following 

Popular Brands of Goods: 



"Our Taste" Hams and Bacon 

"Our Taste" Canned Fruits and Vegetables, 
Oysters, Salmon, Catsup, etc. 

"Derby Corn," " Snowflake," "Derby" and 
"Sunnybrook" Whiskies. 

Schlitz, Milwaukee and Buffalo Bohemian 
Export Bottled Beer. 

The La Internacional and Capdevila 
Cigars. 



The Schaw-Batcher Company 

Wholesale Hardware 
Mill, Mine and Blacksmith Supplies 

211 to 219 J Street 
Sacramento, California 




The Schaw-Batcher Co. Pipe Works 

Manufacturers of 
Sheet Steel and Iron Pipe 

Office, 219 J Street Works. 15th and B Streets 

Sacramento, California 



The California State Bank 

Sacramento, Cal. 


"Cordova," The Wine of Quality. 




Shadowbrook I )istillery 


■^ 


Kentucky Whiskies 




Bourbon Ryes, etc. 


SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS 


• 


Bonds, Stocks and all kinds of In- 
vestment Securities bought and sold. 






Exchange, Letters of Credit, Travel- 
ers' Checks and American Bankers' 
Money Orders issued, which may be 


COMPLETE LINE OF 

CORDIALS and LIQUORS 


used in any part of the world. Money 




transferred by mail or telegraph. 




PRIVATE SAFE DEPOSIT BOXES TO RENT 






ALL OWNED BY THE 


x^ 


CALIFORNIA WINERY 




GROWERS, BOTTLERS 


DIRECTORS: 


AND DISTILLERS 


FRED'K COX C. W. CLARKE W. E. GERBER PETER BOHL 
ADOLPH HEILBRON JOS. STEFFENS GEO. W. PELTIER 


Sacramento, : California 



TO THE TRADE 



WE CAN SUPPLY YOU 



With anything you desire in 
Hardware, Iron, Steel, Guns 
and Amunition. Agricultural 
Implements or Vehicles. An 
immense stock to draw from. 
All suitable for Nevada trade. 



Catalogues furnished on application 
Correspondence Solicited 

The Thomson-Diggs Co. 
Sacramento, Cal. 



W. p. Fuller & Co. 



MANUFACTURERS AND 
IMPORTERS OF 



PAINTS, OILS AND 
WINDOW GLASS 

DOORS, WINDOWS AND BLINDS, ETC. 
LUBRICATING OILS 



^ 



Sacramento, 



California 



Ennis- Brown Co. 

WHOLESALE 

FRUIT AND PRODUCE 

COMMISSION MERCHANTS 


Wilson Manufacturing Co. 

MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS 
AND BOTTLERS OF THE BEST 

CARBONATE DRINKS 

ON THE MARKET 

The Greatest Drink on Earth is Monterey Mist 

Bound to be Good if It's Wilson's 

Orange and Apple Cider in bulii. 

Sole Manufacturers of "HIGH GRADE" Extracts and Spices. 

Depot for Bottlers' and Confectioners' Supplies. 

Allen Springs Water. 


Butter, Cheese and Eggs 


R. C. Irvine, 205 & 207 J Street 

Manager SACRAMENTO, CAL. 




Potatoes, Onions, Beans 

JN CAR LOTS A SPECIALTY 

OREGON AND NEVADA 
PRODUCTS A SPECIALTY 


Deere Implement Co. 

209-211 Market Street 

Agricultural Implements 
Gas Engines, Vehicles 

Wagons and 
Cream Separators 

San Francisco California 

Write for Catalogue 


loo to no J Street and <snr ri mpnf O Cci] 

looi to 1023 Front Street OdCraillCIUO, \^dl. 



Adams-Booth Co. 

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESAI,E 

G RO C E RS 

COR. FRONT AND L STREETS 
9« 



Sacramento, 



California 







KIMBALL- 
UPSON GO. 

THE BIG 

SPORTING GOODS HOUSE 



Largest Stock of exclusive Sporting Goods 
west of the Rockies 

144 page Illustrated Catalogue Free 



609-6 II K St. 



Sacramento, Cal. 



Nevada and California Produ6ls 



Wood, Curtis & Co. 

Sacramento and San Francisco, Cal. Reno, Nov. 

CAR- LOT DISTRIBUTORS 

Vegetables, potatoes, onions 

Oranges, lemons, apples, honey and all 
farm productions 

Creamery butter and cheese 
Eastern and Coast eggs 



Drugs, Chemicals, Proprietary and 

Pharmaceutical Preparations 

Druggists' Sundries 

Glassware 

Liquors 



-^ 



KIRK, GEARY ^ CO. 

Drugs and Photographic Supplies 

519, 521, 523 J St. Sacramento, Cal. 



LINDLEY & CO. 




CHERUB TEA 

One pound packages, 50 cts. Half-pound packages, 25 cts. 
Never sold in bulk. 



" Cherub " Mocha and Java Roast Coffee 
One pound packages only, 35 cts. per pound. 

"Motor" Coffee, 25 cts. per pound. 
In one-pound, two-pound and four-pound packages. 

"Cherub" Pure Spices, in all sizes. 

All for sale at many Nevada stores and at all Sacramento 

retail grocers. 

Sold .o .he .rade LINDLEY & CO. Sacramento. Cal. 



nly by 



Tea Importers, Coffee Roasters and Spice Grinders 




We Carry the Largest 
Line ot 

OFFICE DESKS 

CHAIRS 

COUCHES 

BOOK CASES 

and 

FILING DEVICES 




Geo. H. Fuller Desk Co. 

648-650 Mission St., SAN FRANCISCO 



CHURCH 

FURNITURE 

OPERA CHAIRS 

LODGE AND HALL 
FURNITURE 



Send For Catalogues 




BANK 

OFFICE 

AND 

COURT-HOUSE 

FURNITURE 

To Order 

Send For Catalogues 



SiMONDs Saws 

ARE THE BEST 



.^^.^^^ 






i 



\^ 



.v<^^ 



oV^HYOf 



%_ 

■5, 5* 



IN AOJU STMENT. 
\^ ^"Ty of ^' ,^ 





SAWS, KNIVES, PULLEYS, HANGERS 

LINK BELTING, AND A FULL LINE OF 

MILL SUPPLIES 

SAW REPAIRING 

SiMONDS Saw Co. l\^^'^^^§il 



Since 1858 



D.N.&E.Walter&Co. 

529-531 Market Street 
San Francisco 



Importers and Jobbers of 

Carpets, Linoleums, 
Mattmgs, Rugs, Curtams, 

Wall Paper, Shades, 
and Upholstery Fabrics 



The 
Pure Good 

Tea 
you should 

drink 




For 
Fifty Years 

the 
Standard 



Yokohama M. J. BRANDENSTEIN & CO. San Fran 



James H. Fannin & Co. 



Wholesale Hatters 




Pacific Coast Agents for 
the Leading Manufacturers 



7 1 5 Mission Street, San Francisco 



WHITTIER, COBURN COMPANY 

Manufacturers and Importers 

Paints, Oils, Varnish, Brushes, Etc. 
Plate and Window Glass t i • • /^■^ i /-. i Plain and Beveled Mirrors 

Lubricating Oils and Compounds 

Proprietors and Manufacturers 

C. & S. and H. & L. Axle Grease Peerless Wire Rope Grease 

Pacific Coast Agents 

John W. Masury cSr Son's Mixed Paints and Colors 

Giidden Varnish Co.'s Jap-a-lac and Specialties 

SAN FRANCISCO n a w hp P""F-\Co's Poultry and Anlmal Food LOS ANGELES 

C A. Wood Preserver (Carbonneum) Beckwith-Cnandler Co. s Varnishes 



S. KOSHLAND & CO. 

WOOL 

Bags and Bagging 

426 California Street San Francisco, Cal 



J. KOSHLAND & CO 

WOOL 



Commission Merchants 



268-272 Summer Street 



Boston, Mass. 



Wieland Bros. 

I 2 1- 1 23 Clay Street 
San Francisco, Cal. 

Importers and Commission Merchants 



Specialties: — Imported and Domestic 
Swiss Cheese, Lin\berger, Brick 
Cheese, Edam, Roquefort, etc. ; 
Mackerel, Codfish, Holland Her- 
rings, Olive Oil, Spanish and Cali- 
fornia Olives, all kinds of Sausages 
and other delicacies. 

Sole Agents for Sierra Cheese, German 
Breakfast Cheese, Brie, Camenbert, 
Schloss, Kronen and Neufchatel 
Cheese. 



The Celebrated 

Porto de Oro and 
Rough Diamond... 



Cigars 



Manufactured by 

Wm. Lewis & Company 

San Francisco 



U: 



se 



Twenty -Mule Team Borax in 
the Laundry, Kitchen and Toilet 

Sold Everywhere 



Pacific Coast Borax Company 
1 1 Sansome Street, San Francisco 



Telephone Red 75 1 



Meyerstein Company 

Manufacturers and Importers 

Gents' 

Furnishing 

Goods 



»A, 



Cor. Bush and Battery Streets 
San Francisco 



"The proof of the pudding 
is in the eating." 



Equally applicable to CRACKERS and 
CANDY. Nevada people want the 
best of everything. They buy, and 
we ship them regularly, carloads of 

Perfection Soda Crackers, 
Cakes and Candy. 



We thank them for their discrimination 
and patronage. 



PACIFIC COAST BISCUIT CO. 
San Francisco, Cal. 



Write Today ^^^ °"^ of our free illustrated cata- 

— logues explaining the work in our 

Schools of 

Engineering, Bookkeeping and Business 

Shorthand and Typewriting 

English Law, Journalism, Art and Illustrating 

Teachers' Normal, Science and Languages 

Department of Civil Service Examinations. 
West Point, Annapolis and the Consular Service. 

Over three hundred courses. Up-to-date. Practical. 
HAPGOODS places our students in paying positions. 

spare-time courses by mail 

Address: National Correspondence Institute, Washington, D. C. 
Pacific Coast Office, 927 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. 



Gto. Stone 
Pres. 



N.ATHAN L. Bell 
Vice-Pres. and Sec. 



Morris Kind, C. E. 
Supt. 



Pacific Portland Cement 
Company 

508, 510, 512 Rialto BIdg., Cor. New Monlgomcry & Mission Sts. 
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 

Location ol WorKs: CEMENT, SOLANO CO., CAL. 

GOLDEN GATE CEMENT 

is being used exclusively by the United States Government's Reclamation 
Service at Reno, Nevada. 



Henry CowcU Lime and Cement Co. 



San Francisco 
«♦ California «- 



Golden Gate 
^ Cement ^^ 

Dyckerhof! Cement 



Best firands of 

Lime, Plaster, Firebrick, 

Fireclay, etc. 



Write for any particulars 



Jones-Paddock Co. 

Importers and Manufacturers 



Coffees 

Teas, Spices, Extracts 

Etc. 



^ 



26 and 28 Fremont Street 
San Francisco 



Nevada Sulphur Company 

SULPHUR 

FOR ALL PURPOSES 

Horseshoe Powdered, Horseshoe Pea, 
Crown, Sublime, and Nevada Lump 

Guaranteed the Purest and Best Sulphur in the World 

The Best Sulphur 

in the World for Sheep Dipping, 

Spraymg and Bleachmg 

SULPHUR 




NEVADA 

Highest award received at the St. Louis Exposition. 

Office: 

707 Front Street, San Francisco 

Phones: Main 5293, Buyer 59 



Port Costa 



*^*^ 



Flour 



^^^^ 



Port Costa Milling Co. 
San Francisco 



Flanigan Warehouse Co. 
Agents, Reno 




STEARNS VISIBLE 

the Worlds Greatest 
TYPEWRITER 

All the writing always in sight. 

The Typewritorium 

SALES AGENTS 
Typewriter Supplies for all machines 

508 Market St. San Francisco, Cal. 



Scott & Gilbert Co. 

Manufadunng 
Chemists 



300-302 Davis St. 



SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



Flavoring Extradls, Spices, Carbonated Beverages, 

Shoe Dressings, Writing Inks, Mucilage, 

Proprietary and Pharmaceutical 

Medicines, Toilet Articles, 

Etc., Etc. 



The largest establishment of its class 
west of the Rocky Mountains 



Sachs Brothers & Co. 

Fancy Goods 

Ribbons, Hosiery, Gloves, Corsets, White Goods 
Embroideries, Laces, Yarns 

Gents' Furnishing Goods 

25-27-29-31-33 Sansome St., San Francisco, Cal 



Pacific Coast Rubber Company 



453-455 Mission Street 



San Francisco, California 



-p. r Hose, Boots and Shoes 

Rubber- Belting, Clothing 

[ Packing, Oil Clothing 

Leather Belting 

Jl^J^When It's About Rubber See Us Jk^ Ji^l 



The Helbing Hat Co, 

Importers of 

Hats and Caps for Men and Boys 

Manufacturers of Ladies' and Misses' Ready to Wear 
and Pattern Hats 

J - 5 Battery Street, San Francisco 
California 



ILLINOIS PACIFIC GLASS COMPANY 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Flint, Green and Amber Bottles 
Bottlers' Supplies, Corks, Isabels, Etc. 

San Francisco Los Angeles Portland Seattle 



Telephone MAIN 561 




and RoaMeris. 



(iX'ATEMALA , C.A. 



Sak- F^sdmmsfm. 



C.Solomon, Jr. 

INCORPORATED 

IMPORTERS AND 
MANUFACTURERS OF 

CHINESE AND JAPANESE 
GOODS 



CHINAWARE, BASKETS 
LACQUERWARE, BRONZES 

TOYS, CLOISONNE 

SATSUMA, PAPER NAPKINS 

PAPER FANS, LANTERNS 

PARASOLS, ETC. 

Tel. Main 1079 422-4.26 Battery St. 

SAN FRANCISCO, - CAL. 



YDKDHAMA 
-+)——» TOKID 
KDHE -=»— H 
HDNGKDNG 




UNDER THREE FLAGS 



Dunham, Car rigan s^ Hay den Co 

IMPORTERS, EXPORTERS, JOBBERS 

HARDWARE, BAR IRON & 
STEEL, PLATES, SHEETS, 
RAIL, PIPE AND FITTINGS. 
ENGINEERS', MACHINISTS' 
ELECTRICAL AND MINING 
SUPPLIES :::::::: 



C<C§1>C D"'!' Pick and Tool Steel 
COMSTOCK Picks, Shovels and Sledges 

PACIFIC COAST AGENTS 

Peerless Rubber Manufacturing Co. 

RAINBOW Sheet Rubber 
PEERLESS Piston PacKing. Hose and Belting 



I 7-23 Beale Street 



SAN FRANCISCO 

BRANCH: SEATTLE, WASH. 



18-24 Main Street 



H. H. BECK 

President 



A. P. BERRUM 
Vice-Pres. and Gen'l Manager 



Office 



Reno Flour Mill Co. 



Manufacturing Dealers in all Kinds of 
Mill Stuffs, Including 

WHITE ROSE FLOUR 

Equal to any Brand on the Pacific Coast 



7^ 

[obbers in Hay and Grain ot all Kinds, as well as Potatoes and 
Onions in Ton or Carload Lots 

All Kinds of Meal and Mush Goods 
Our Whole Wheat Flour Best in the Market 



^•) 



Phone Green 74 



Reno, Nevada 



A Splendid Idea 

The following resolution is one that 
can be safely adopted by every family 

Resolved, That the reader, from this 
date and henceforth, will buy 
and use only 

Golden Gate Coffee 
Golden Gate Tea 
Golden Gate Baking Powder 
Golden Gate Spices 
Golden Gate Extracts 

All Golden Gate goods are uniform in quality. 
They give satisfaction and are economical be- 
cause of their strength and purity. 

Our guarantee is back of every package. 
Every grocer catering to select family 
trade carries a stock of Golden Gate. 

J. A. FOLGER 5p CO. 



Established hall a ccntvry. 



SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



Factory: Commercial St. Near Front Warehouses: 645-645 Brannan St. 

Phone South 304 

Milwaukee Furniture Co. 

H. Wm. frank., Prop, and Manager 

I 
Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in all Grades of 

Furniture, Mattresses and 
Upholstery 



^ 



Salesrooms and Offices; 

960-962 Mission Street, Between 5th & 6th 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



A dollar's worth of biscuits 
for a dollar : : : : : 

That's the way "AMERICAN" biscuits are sold. 
It's experience against experiment — quality against 
quantity — when you place "AMERICAN" bis- 
cuits in competition with 'any old' brand. The 
American public wants the best, and is willing to pay 
for it. Mere cheapness is not much of a recommenda- 
tion — especially in food products. The men who 
make "AMERICAN" biscuits are the best that 
money can hire. The ingredients are the best that 
money can buy. No cracker factory takes more 
scrupulous pains to insure absolute purity of its goods. 

AMERICAN BISCUIT COMPANY 



801-817 Battery St. 



S.'VN FR.'\NCISCO, CAL. 



Wholesale Agents for Nevada: W. 1. MITCHELL CO., Reno, Nev. 



John Hoey & Co. 



INCORPORATED] 




HOEY'S PATENT PERPETUAL 
WIRE SPRING MATTRESS 

The lower fabric is tighter and supports the upper one. 



Guaranteed satisfactory or money back. 
It is noiseless and soft ; will sustain a 
greater weiglit than any other wire mat- 
tress yet known. Manufactured only by 

JOHN HOEY & CO., Inc. 
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 



For sale onlv bv Furniture Dealers. 



Insist on getting them. 



A. IVIack 



F. S. Kellogg 



L. GuGGENHIME 



MACK & CO. 

WHOLESALE 
DRUGGISTS 



I 3 and I 5 Fremont St. 



SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



Smoke the Best 

SOLE Pf^omero^^ 




fMcr/GAIiETTE..'..PAPJSf:. 

SON BROTHERS & CO. 

IMPORTERS OF 

SMOKERS' ARTICLES, NOTIONS AND TOYS 

1 5 Sansome Street, San Francisco, Cal. 



Water Pipe 



Riveted Sheet Steel 

and Iron dipped in Asphaitum 

adapted for 

Irrigation, Mining, Power Plants 
Farm Supply and Water Works 



Air Pipe for Mining Shafts and Tunnels 

Well Casing a Specialty 
Tanks for Water, Oil and Cyanide Plants 



W. W. Montague & Co. 

San Francisco 




LANE & CONNELLY 



Manufacturers of the Celebrated 



"Lane 

204-206 Market St. 



Connelly Cigar" 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



Every First-class Merchant 

SELLS 




The best made that's all 



Murphy, Grant & Co. 

Importers of 

Staple and Fancy Dry Goods 

Manufacturers of 

Furnishing Goods 

Patentees and Sole Manufacturers ot 

The "Never Rip" Overall 

Best in the World 

Gloves, Suspenders, 

Laces, Ribbons, Dress Goods, 

Velvets, Silks, 

Flannels, Oil Clochs, Cottons, Linens, Etc. 

Blankets, Calicoes, Umbrellas, 

Cutlery, 

Shawls, Notions, Smokers' Articles, 

Stationery, LIndervvear, 

Hosiery, White Goods. 

Corner Sansome and Bush Streets 
San Francisco, Cal. 



La Baronne 
Clears 



Conchas Especials 

Puritano Finos 

Perfectos 



^ 



TILLMAN & BENDEL 

Pacific Coast Distributers 
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



A. Merle Company 

MANUFACTURERS 

Brass Foundry 

Iron Foundry 

Ornamental Iron Work 

Brass and Iron Beds 

Silver Plated Amalgamating 

Mining Plates 

v^ 

Write for Information 
;i5-;i9 Mission St. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



A, H. Manning, President 



C L. James, Secretary 




PLUMB/Nq, ROOF//V(}~: 



./ 



'^5' 



''^i§f 



H. J. Darling, V^ice-President 





f2S-I27 fj/^lJS/lA St. 



j^4J^JDfWMm 



r 



RENO, NEVADA 



Sacramento 



San Francisco 



Los Angeles 



Baker & Hamilton 

Importers and Dealers in Wholesale 

Hardware, Agricultural Implements and Vehicles 

Creamery Supplies 
High and Medium Grade Bicycles 



New York 



1 09- 1 I I -I 1 3- 1 I 5 J Street, Sacramento 



2-4-6 Pine Street, San Francisco 



134-136 N. Los Angeles St., Los Angeles 



California Saw Works 

Saw Mills -Saws- Saw Tables 




W ri 



Band Saws —Files— Swing Saws 



208 to 220 O 
Mission Street kD' 



an Francisco 




c.^j-ZX^'^<<t. O^^L^-^^l^ 



C^< 





Los Angeles and Seattle 



/> 



Plumbing, Heating and Steam 
Supplies 



Ro bison's Addition 



-.^"^-i,. 




West of the Smoke Line; High and Dry; Natural Drainage; Site of Public 
School and Churches to be Built; Opposite the Ground Apportioned by the 
Railroad to its Employes; Contains the Most Desirable Building Lots in Sparks 



G. A. Robison, Agent 



Room I 3, Sunderland Building, 



RENO, NEVADA 



■'cutlery 

EVEIWHjaEVARRAMTED 



Th 



ere 



IS 

no 



such thing as a 

fairly good razor 
It is either GOOD 
or it is NO GOOD 



If it is branded 



it is good or your money back 




FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS IN HIGH-GRADE CUTLERY 

PACIFIC HARDWARE AND STEEL CO., San Francisco 

DISTRIBUTERS TO THE TRADE 



Smoke 



Alexander 
Humboldt 



High-Grade 
Clear Havana Cigar 



MICHALITSCHKE BROS. & CO. 

INCORPORATED 

SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



A. H. MANNING, President 

H. M. MARTIN, Vice-President 



WASHOE COUNTY BANK, Treasurer 
C. T. BENDER, Secretary 



RIVERSIDE MILL COMPANY 

Our Brands: GOLD MEDAL, RIVERSIDE XXX, BLUE RIBBON, BAKER'S XXX 
CAPITAL, $200,000.00 W. L. COX, Manager 



Manufacturers of and 



D 



EALERS IN 



Best Patent Roller 
Flour, Corn Meal, 
Graham Flour, Oat 
Meal, Cracked 
Wheat, Large and 
Small Hominy, 
Rolled Oats, Rye 
Flour, Buckwheat 
Flour, all Other 
Mill Stuffs : : : 




Our flour is made in the best mill 
that money can buy, by the best 
miller that we can hire and from 
the finest wheat that grows. No 
wonder we win trade. Try it. 
It will please you. This com- 
pany was awarded a medal and 
blue ribbon on its exhibit at the 
World's Columbian Exposition in 
1893 '* for purity, good color, 
strength ; well milled." Also 
awarded a medal and blue ribbon 
at Omaha in 1898 tor its flour 
exhibit. Our new brand, '* Blue 
Ribbon," is made trom selected 
white wheat, and we recommend 
it for pastry and the best results 
in general ::::::; 



We Make a Specialty of Feed and Seed Grains 



Cash Paid for Grain 



LINCOLN PARK ADDITION 

TO SPARKS, NEVADA 



This beautiful Parle Addition 
is now on the maricet 

Lots and Blocles for sale at 
First Prices 

Abstract of Title, showing 

perfect title, furnished 

free with each sale 




This Addition is the finest and most centrally located in Sparks. 
Three restrictions in all deeds — No liquor to be sold on this Addition. 
No premises to be used for immoral purposes. No house to be built costing less 
than Sy^o.oo. All streets graded and improved, a park, 270x400 feet, 
completely fenced and set with trees and dedicated to the public, all at the 
expense of the owners. All of this Addition level, high and dry, and 
soil the best. Lincoln Park Addition is the finest residence tract in 
Nevada. Write for plats, etc. 

RICHARD KIRMAN, Pres. Farmers and Merchants Nat. Bank, Reno, Nevada, TrUStCC 

JAMES A. BOGGS, Managing Agent 
LINCOLN PARK SPARKS, NEVADA 



Washoe County 
Abstract Company 



Rooms IS and 16 

Washoe County BanK Building 
Reno, Nevada 



Abstracts of Titles to 
all Lands in Reno, 
Sparks and Washoe 
County, furnislied on 
Short Notice : : : : 



ABSTRACTS GUARANTEED 



The State Bank & Trust Co. 

Capital fully paid up, |200,ooo.oo 

DIRECTORS 

T. B. RICKEY, GEORGE H. MEYERS, P. H. PETERSEN, C. T. BENDER, 

E. B. YERINGTON, S. L. LEE, WILSON BROUC H ER, GEO, W. M A PES, 

]. P. WOODBURY 



OFFICERS 



T. B. RICKEY, President 

C. T. BENDER, Second Vice-President 

J. T. DAVIS, Asst. Cashier and Secretary 



GEORGE H. MEYERS, First Vice-President 

G. W. RICHARDS, Cashier and Secretary 

E. D. VANDER LI ETH, Second Asst, Cashier 



TONOPAH BRANCH 
GEORt;E W. RICHARDS, Cashier, Agency, Tonopah 

G.W. COWING, Asst. Cashier, Agency, Tonopah 

SAFE DEPOSIT DEPARTMENT 
Does a general banking and trust company business. 
Eastern, local, and foreign exchange, stocks and bonds, 
bought and sold. Buys bullion on U. S. Mint assay. 
Acts as trustee of corporation mortgages, depositary 
under plans of reorganization, registrar and transfer 
agent. Assumes entire charge of real estate. Acts as 
executor, administrator, trustee, assignee, and receiver. 
Financial agent for individuals or corporations . . 



Carson City and Tonopah Nevada 



FOR SALE 

Stock Ranches in Central and 
Eastern Nevada 

G. F. TALBOT, Carson City 

Thoroughbred Cotswold Rams 
Imported Blood and Sires 

Address as above or 

NOBLE & TALBOT 
Lamoille, Elko County NEVADA 



Hibbard. McPhail & Stewart's 



Deer Park lots are 27 feet 
higher than the Roundhouse, 
and face electric cars. Nuff ced 



ALL PRICES 



INSTALMENTS 



Depot tract lots adjoin the Railroad Shops' tract 



Lots, $100 up 



SEE 



HIBBARD & McPHAIL 



3 1 East Second Street 



Reno or Sparks 



Nevada 



G. H. Taylor, President 
J. E. Henry, Vice-President 



C. Gulling, Sec. & Mgr. 
Washoe Co. Bank, Treas. 



Reno Mill & Lumber Co, 

BUILDING 
MATERIAL 

OF ALL KINDS 

White Pine Lumber 



RENO, NEVADA 

Saw Mill in Plumas County, Cal. 
Planing Mill and Factory at Reno, Nevada 

TIMBER LAND 



GULF BAG COMPANY 



BRANCH OF 

BEMIS BRO. BAG CO. 




GULF^ 



Telephone Bush 5 
Cable Address: Gulf San Francisco 



Importers and Manufacturers of 

BAGS 

OF ALL KINDS 



Bags for Flour, Grain, Ore, Wool, Plaster 
Burlap by the piece or bale. Twines 



709 & 7 II Front Street 



SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 



RENO BREWING CO.'S 

Sierra Lager 

Bottled at the Brewery Made from the Best Malt and Choicest Hops 

Unexcelled for Purity 

Strength and Health in Every Glass 




^^^ 
^J^ 



Home Industry Union Made 

New Brewing Co., Reno, Nevada 



GOLCONDA 
HOT SPRINGS 



AND HOTEL 

Located at Golcoiida, State of Nevada, 
on the Southern Pacific Railroad. 
Special for cases of Indigestion, Dys- 
pepsia, Gout, Rheumatism, and all 
Blood Diseases. Famous the world 
over. Correspond with LOUIS 
DUTERTRE, Proprietor, and get full 
particulars. Menti-on your special 
trouble and receive specific directions. 



The Most Celebrated 
Medicinal Springs in Nevada 

Hot, Cold, Shower, Vapor 
and Mud Baths 

' I ''HE health-giving waters apply 
-*■ themselves with amazing reme- 
dial energy to a long list of hu- 
man ills, chronic skin eruptions result- 
ing from diseased blood, liver, kidney 
and bowel complaints, dyspepsia, gout, 
rheumatism and even lung troubles be- 
ing among the ailments often cured 
and always improved. 

Board and Baths, $2.00 per day, or 
$12.50 per Week 

Genoa, - - Nevada 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



017 136 909 5 



WALLEY HOT SPRINGS 

JAMES L. CAMPBELL, Proprietor 

AN ELEGANT HOTEL AND SANITARIUM BUILDING. FORTY 
AIRY ROOMS. ^ LOW PRICES, EXCELLENT ACCOMMODATIONS 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



017 136 909 5 



